Copyright © 2016 by the Shock Society. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Shock, Publish Ahead of Print DOI : 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000578 Protective effects of Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um®) in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury in vivo. Rosanna Di Paola 1 , Marika Cordaro 1 , Rosalia Crupi 1 , Rosalba Siracusa 1 , Michela Campolo 1 , Giuseppe Bruschetta 1 , Roberta Fusco 1 , Pietro Pugliatti 2 , Emanuela Esposito 1 and Salvatore Cuzzocrea 1,3 1 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, no 31, Messina 98166, Italy; 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy; 3 Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA. Corresponding author: S. Cuzzocrea, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy. e-mail: salvator@unime.it Conflicts of interest No funding supported this research. Prof. Cuzzocrea is a co-inventor on a patent with Epitech, along with academic investigators from a different institution and not studied in the present manuscript [said patent deals with compositions and methods for the modulation of specific