1 Assistant Professor, Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2 Associate Professor, Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3 Dentist, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Citation: Khalesi S, Kiani S, Yaghini J, Azad F. Frequency Distribution of Gingival Biotype and Related Factors in an Adult Population of Isfahan. Avicenna J Dent Res. 2021;13(2):52-56. doi: 10.34172/ajdr.2021.10. Sima Kiani 1* ID , Saeedeh Khalesi 2 , Jaber Yaghini 2 , Fatemeh Azad 3 Abstract Background: Gingival biotype can be influenced by genetic factors, tooth-related factors and biological issues. This study aimed to determine the biotype of facial gingival and related factors. Methods: In this study, 300 patients (128 males and 172 females) with a mean age of 36.2 ± 13.27 were selected by simple random sampling. Patients’ characteristics including age, gender, smoking, dental and keratinized gingival anatomy and oral hygiene parameters were recorded and their associations with gingival biotype were investigated using Transparency method. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS24 using t test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Frequency of thin gingival biotype was higher than that of thick gingival biotype. There was a significant relationship between gingival biotype of upper central incisors areas and age (P < 0.001), vibratory brushing (P = 0.019) and keratinized gingival width (P = 0.021). There was also a significant relationship between the gingival biotype of lower central incisor area and gender (P = 0.036), vibratory brushing (P = 0.010), vertical brushing (P = 0.009) and keratinized gingival width (P = 0.011). Moreover, a significant direct relationship was discovered between Gingival biotype of upper and lower central incisors areas. No relationship was found between frequency and duration of brushing, dental flossing, plaque index, tooth shape, and smoking with gingival biotype (P > 0.005). Conclusions: Gingival biotype was associated with age, gender and keratinized gingival width, as well as some brushing characteristics such as the brushing method. *Correspondence to Sima Kiani, Tel: +989131079487 Email: S_Khalesi@dnt.mui. ac.ir Background Determining the dimensions of different parts of the masticatory mucosa, especially the gingival biotype, has been considered by periodontists in recent years (1,2). Healthy gingiva is essential for protecting teeth and maintaining their position (3). The term “gingival biotype” is used to describe the thickness of the gingiva in the facial and palatal dimensions. Gingiva with thinner biotypes are more prone to gingival resorption. Gingival thickness plays an important role in wound healing and flap management during reconstructive surgery (4). It is necessary to know the characteristics of the gingiva – especially gingival thickness, before restorative and prosthetic treatments (5,6). Furthermore, gingival biotype has crucial implications for regenerative, implant and restorative treatments (7-10). Transplant hematopoiesis may be stopped by a very thick graft tissue or may contract the mucosa due to the thin graft tissue (6). Previous studies have shown that patients with thin biotype experience more gingival recession during non- surgical treatments (11). These patients are also more Open Access Scan to access more free content Frequency Distribution of Gingival Biotype and Related Factors in an Adult Population of Isfahan Received February 27, 2021 Accepted April 10, 2021 ePublished June 29 2021 Keywords: Gingival biotype, Keratinized tissue, Oral hygiene 10.34172/ajdr.2021.10 Avicenna J Dent Res. 2021 June;13(2):52-56 AJDR Avicenna Journal of Dental Research Original Article doi ► Gingival biotype was associated with age, gender and keratinized gingival width ► Frequency of thin gingival biotype was higher than that of thick gingival biotype. Highlights prone to connective tissue loss and epithelial damage and need non-traumatic treatments, as well as special oral hygiene methods (12). However, the thick biotype is more resistant to physical trauma or gingival resorption, and it facilitates better tissue management (13). Since the gingival biotype may be influenced by other factors such as genetic and racial factors (14), this study attempted to investigate the frequency of gingival biotype and its relationship with sociological factors, related anatomical structures, and oral health habits in adult population in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of gingival biotype and its relationship with related anatomical