International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 12, No. 6, December 2022, pp. 5900~5910 ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp5900-5910  5900 Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com Conducted emission investigation of infant incubator heating control mode Khusnul Khotimah 1 , Yoppy 2 , Muhammad Imam Sudrajat 2,3 , Vera Permatasari 2 , Elvina Trivida 2 , Tyas Ari Wahyu Wijanarko 2,4 1 Research Center for Advanced Material, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang, Indonesia 2 Research Center for Testing Technology and Standards, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang, Indonesia 3 Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands 4 School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Oct 22, 2021 Revised Jun 13, 2022 Accepted Jul 8, 2022 This paper investigates the effect of two different heating power control systems of infant incubators on their conducted emissions. Two infant incubators which respectively employ zero-crossing control mode and phase angle control mode are observed. The research was conducted by measuring conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from each infant incubator's power input. Measurements are conducted both during full power condition, while the incubator's compartment temperature is far away from the temperature setpoint, and during power chopping condition, while the compartment temperature reaches the steady-state set point. Method and limit of the measurement refer to CISPR 11. It is found that conducted emission higher than the standard CISPR 11 limit occurs during power chopping on phase angle control mode. This results from the sharp rise time of voltage delivered to the heater, around 220 ns for each chopping cycle. Keywords: Conducted emission Heating power system Infant incubator Phase angle control mode Zero-crossing control mode This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Khusnul Khotimah Research Center for Advanced Material, National Research and Innovation Agency Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia Email: khusnul.khotimah@lipi.go.id 1. INTRODUCTION A modern infant incubator is a device with a rigid enclosure intended to keep in a baby and provided with means to control its internal environment at a temperature of 36-37 C and relative humidity of 70% up to 75% [1]–[3]. The incubator provides a safe, clean and warm environment where temperature and humidity can be controlled by warm air inside the enclosure. In general, incubators have a transparent section for viewing the baby, an alternating current (AC)-powered heater, a fan for air circulation, a water container to control humidity, access ports for nursing care, and a control valve through which oxygen may be supplied when necessary. Incubators have numerous advantages and have been widely used, but also have some hidden disadvantages that should be considered, namely electromagnetic interference (EMI) [4]–[6]. EMI is an undesirable electromagnetic disturbance that results from the propagation of conducted or radiated electromagnetic signals [7]. Uncontrolled EMI can resonate and cause malfunctions or misreading of medical devices [8], [9]. Devices with higher EMI have more potential to trigger performance degradation [10]. Previous studies reported the robust electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices has been contributing to electromagnetic pollution [11] and is responsible for most vital medical device malfunctions [12]. On the other hand, the heating system in the infant incubator needs a controller to keep the compartment temperature matching the setpoint value [13], [14]. However, the switching mechanism of the