Mathematics and Statistics 10(4): 884-893, 2022
DOI: 10.13189/ms.2022.100420
http://www.hrpub.org
Evolution Equations of Pseudo Spherical Images for
Timelike Curves in Minkowski 3-Space
H. S. Abdel-Aziz
1
, H. Serry
2
, M. Khalifa Saad
1,3,*
1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, EGYPT
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGYPT
3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, 170 Al-Madinah, KSA
Received April 6, 2022; Revised June 21, 2022; Accepted July 11, 2022
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] H. S. Abdel-Aziz, H. Serry, M. Khalifa Saad, ”Evolution Equations of Pseudo Spherical Images for Timelike Curves in Minkowski 3-Space,” Mathematics
and Statistics, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 884-893, 2022. DOI: 10.13189/ms.2022.100420
(b): H. S. Abdel-Aziz, H. Serry, M. Khalifa Saad, (2022). Evolution Equations of Pseudo Spherical Images for Timelike Curves in Minkowski 3-Space.
Mathematics and Statistics, 10(4), 884-893. DOI: 10.13189/ms.2022.100420
Copyright ©2022 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract The pseudo spherical images of non-lightlike
curves in Minkowski geometry are curves on the unit pseudo
sphere, which are intimately related to the curvatures of
the original ones. These images are obtained by means of
Frenet-Serret frame vector fields associated with the curves.
This classical topic is a well-known concept in Lorentzian
geometry of curves. In this paper, we introduce the pseudo
spherical images for a timelike curve in Minkowski 3-space.
Our main purpose of the work is to obtain the time evolution
equations of the orthonormal frame and curvatures of these
images. The compatibility conditions for the evolutions are
used. Finally, the theoretical results obtained through this
study are given by some important theorems and explained in
two computational examples with the corresponding graphs.
Keywords Evolution Equations, Timelike Curves, Pseudo
Spherical Images, Serret-Frenet Frame
1 Introduction
The curves and their geometric properties play an important
role in the field of differential geometry and in many branches
of science such as mechanics and physics. They have some ap-
plications such as computer aided geometric design (CAGD)
and mathematical modeling [1]. Further, curves are usually
studied as subsets of an ambient space with a notion of equiv-
alence. For example, one may study curves in the plane, the
usual three dimensional space, the Minkowski space, curves
on a sphere, etc.[2, 3]
Among these properties are the evolution equations for
curves which is our concern, in which time is a fundamental
element of the study. These equations have a clear effect in
many physical and dynamic applications and also have a no-
table affect in several fields as in image processing and how
it is useful in images and shapes recognizing [4, 5]. Besides,
how the evolution of a curve related to the level sets as well
as the massive change of studying the generalization of the lo-
cal maximum and minimum which are known as ridges and
ravines [6, 7, 8]. In addition, one can see the effect of the
evolution equations to the Fluid study such as studying the sur-
faces evolution in Turbulence [9]. For studying these equations
with respect to curves or surfaces in any space , there are some
enormous ways such as equations of motion which describe the
dynamical system of the curves via their frame field, via their
velocity vector or even via their accelerations etc. For more
details see [4, 7, 10].
In the Minkowski geometry, the pseudo spherical images
of non-lightlike curves are curves on the unit pseudo sphere
intimately related to the curvatures of the original curves.
These images are obtained by means of Frenet-Serret frame
vector fields associated to the meant curves, so this classical
topic is a well-known concept in Lorentzian geometry of the
curves, see [11, 12].
There are many studies of evolution equations that have been
done in different spaces (see for instance, [7, 9, 10, 13]).
Also, evolution equations for the elliptic partial differential
equations and the magnetic geodesics equations have been
obtained in [8].
As an extension of such studies, we interested here with the
study of pseudo spherical images of a non-lightlike curve, es-
pecially timelike curve and derive their evolution of time equa-
tions attributed to the curvature and torsion of the considered