Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 10(4): 331-343, 2022 DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2022.100402 http://www.hrpub.org Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of the Indian Agriculture Sector Based on the Malmquist-DEA Technique Vishal Chaubey 1 , Deena Sunil Sharanappa 1 , Kshitish Kumar Mohanta 1 , Vishnu Narayan Mishra 1,* , Lakshmi Narayan Mishra 2 1 Department of Mathematics, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Mathematics, School of Advance Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India Received May 26, 2022; Revised June 29, 2022; Accepted July 28, 2022 Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles (a): [1] Vishal Chaubey, Deena Sunil Sharanappa, Kshitish Kumar Mohanta, Vishnu Narayan Mishra, Lakshmi Narayan Mishra, ”Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of the Indian Agriculture Sector Based on the Malmquist-DEA Technique,” Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 331-343, 2022. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2022.100401 (b): Vishal Chaubey, Deena Sunil Sharanappa, Kshitish Kumar Mohanta, Vishnu Narayan Mishra, Lakshmi Narayan Mishra, (2022). Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of the Indian Agriculture Sector Based on the Malmquist-DEA Technique. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(4), 331-343. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2022.100401 Copyright ©2022 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract This article evaluated the agricultural perfor- mance of 31 states and union territories (UTs) in India from 2012 to 2017. The best agricultural productivity states and UTs in India were obtained using Malmquist based DEA technique and the efficiency score for each year was found using CCR model. The input parameter is taken as annual rainfall, total population, GDP, Workers, and net cultivated area, and the output parameter is taken as production of rice, wheat, coarse cereals, pulses, oil seeds, and sugarcane. The productivity of the states and UTs are compared, as well as the increase or decrease in productivity is calculated. Total pro- ductivity change was calculated using cumulative Malmquist index (CMI). As a results, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, and Uttar Pradesh are the most efficient states throughout the year, while Kerala and Goa are the least efficient. Maximum states and UTs advanced 61.25 % in 2015-16, whereas maximum states and UTs declined 62.52 % in 2012-13. The overall productivity change in Madhya Pradesh inceases perfectly while Nagaland’s is almost decreasing. Other factors that may have an influence on state and UTs agriculture productivity include capital investment and fertiliser use. Additional social and environmental performance criteria, such as contribution to local community development and harmful emission mea- surement, can be integrated as output criteria for sustainability performance analysis. Keywords Data Envelopment Analysis, Malmquist Index, Cumulative Malmquist Index, Productivity Analysis, Agricul- tural Efficiency 1 Introduction India is a growing agricultural country, with agriculture functioning as a fundamental basis for economic development, social improvement, and industrial structure adjustment and 60% of the Indian population is directly dependent on the agri- culture sector and they contributed 20.19% of India’s GDP in 2020-21. As a result, the government has issued a number of policies for agricultural development processes in order to en- courage the sustainable and healthy growth of agriculture in- cluding the National Agriculture Market (E-MAN), which is a pan-India electronic trade network, which connects the current APMC mandis to form a unified national market for agricul- tural commodities. In order to increase agricultural produc- tion, sustainability, remuneration, and climate resilience, the government of India launched the national mission for sustain- able agriculture (NMSA) in 2014-15. Every year, farmers suf- fer financial losses as a result of damage to crops caused by drought, floods, and rainstorms. As a result, in order to save the crop from this negative impact, the government introduced