d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 1 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 496–504 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect jo ur nal ho me pag e: www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/dema Release and protein binding of components from resin based composites in native saliva and other extraction media Lena Rothmund a,b,* , Mostafa Shehata a,b , Kirsten L. Van Landuyt c , Helmut Schweikl d , Thomas Carell e , Werner Geurtsen f , Elmar Hellwig g , Reinhard Hickel a , Franz-Xaver Reichl a,b , Christof Högg a,b a Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany b Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany c KU Leuven Biomat, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium d Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg Medical Centre, 93042 Regensburg, Germany e Department of Organic Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, House F, 81377 Munich, Germany f Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University Hannover, 30623 Hannover, Germany g Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Dental School and Hospital, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg i. Br., Germany a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 2 September 2014 Received in revised form 24 January 2015 Accepted 28 January 2015 Keywords: Native saliva Protein binding Plasma proteins Elution Composite components a b s t r a c t Objectives. Unpolymerized (co)monomers and additives can be released from resin based composites (RBCs) and can enter the human organism. In this study, the binding of ingre- dients from composites to salivary proteins and plasma proteins was investigated. Methods. The composites investigated were Admira ® flow, Venus ® Diamond flow, Filtek TM Supreme XTE flow, Tetric EvoCeram ® , Tetric EvoFlow ® . The samples (n = 4) were polymerized according to the instructions of the manufacturer of RBCs. The samples were immersed into native saliva, protein-free saliva (artificial saliva), water and ethyl acetate, and incubated at 37 ◦ C for 24 h or 72 h. The eluates were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrome- try. To determine the binding to salivary proteins, the concentration of (co)monomers and additives detected in native saliva was compared to the concentration of (co)monomers and additives detected in protein-free saliva, water and ethyl acetate respectively. To assess the affinity of TEGDMA, EGDMA, DEGDMA, PMGDMA, BPA, and DCHP to human serum albumin (HSA) and human  1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP), a plasma protein binding assay (ABNOVA, Transil XL PPB Prediction Kit TMP-0212-2096) was performed. The statistical significance (p < 0.05) of the difference between the experimental groups was tested using the one-way-analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey‘s analysis. Results. The concentration of TEGDMA, GMA and CyHEMA released in native saliva was significantly lower than the concentration released in protein-free saliva or water (Admira ® ∗ Corresponding author: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany. Tel.: +49 89 2180 73842; fax: +49 89 2180 73841. E-mail address: lena.rothmund@gmx.de (L. Rothmund). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.01.016 0109-5641/© 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.