JAVIER BRACHO AND LUIS MONTEJANO
THE COMBINATORICS OF COLORED
TRIANGULATIONS OF MANIFOLDS
ABSTRACT.Foundations for the topic of crystallizations are proposed through the more general
concept of colored triangulations. Classic results and techniques of crystallizations are
reviewed from this point of view. A new set of combinatorial invariants of manifolds is defined,
and related to the fundamental group and other known invariants. A universal group
theoretic approach for this theory is introduced.
A new combinatorial approach to the topology of PL-manifolds has been
developing in recent years. It is based on the facts that a graph with colored
edges provides precise instructions to construct a space, and that any
manifold (i.e. PL-manifold) is obtained in this way. Thus, manifolds may be
studied through graph theory.
The idea of the construction, due to Pezzana ([18], [-19]) and further
developed by Gagliardi, Ferri and their group (see the survey [-7], and the
references), is to take for each vertex of the graph one copy of a standard
geometric simplex (whose faces correspond to the colors), and then, each
(colored) edge tells us to glue two simplexes along one of their faces (the
color says which). Clearly, the space so constructed comes with a rich
simplicial structure, which we call a colored complex. It is not a classic
simplicial complex for two simplexes may meet in more than a single
subsimplex (in this sense, it has the flexibility of a pseudocomplex [15] or of
a semisimplicial complex [,17]). But, on the other hand, it is quite rigid, for
every simplex is canonically isomorphic to a standard one (another
resemblance to semisimplicial complexes). Thus, the study of manifolds
through colored graphs, via colored complexes, is qualitatively different
from the classic PL-combinatorial approach, and leads to results of a
different nature.
In Section 1 we start from a new general point of view, something like a
'Thinker's Toy' (as in [2]). A colored graph G (Subsection 1.1) is thought of
as an 'instructions manual' to build spaces: if we supply a colored space X
(a space with a fixed subspace of each color (Subsection 1.2) to act as a
'building block', we obtain a new space [G;X[ (Subsection 1.3) by glueing
copies as G says. Of course, the main interest lies on [G[ (obtained, as
above, when X is the standard simplex, (Example 1.4(i)), of which all
manifolds are examples (Example 1.4(ii)). But the spaces [G; Xr have a lot to
do with [G[. To talk about links, regular neighborhoods, canonical
decompositions and other interesting subspaces of rG[, one only has to
analyze the basic 'building blocks' and the obvious functoriality of the
construction (Section 1-2) takes care of the rest.
Geometriae Dedieata 22 (1987), 303-328.
© 1987 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.