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Current Application of Microencapsulation
Technology in Bioremediation of Polluted
Groundwater
Received Date: February 10, 2020
Published Date: February 28, 2020
ISSN: 2641-6379 DOI: 10.33552/WJASS.2020.04.000593
World Journal of
Agriculture and Soil Science
Mini Review Copyright © All rights are reserved by Stalis Norma Ethica
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License WJASS.MS.ID.000593.
Stalis Norma Ethica
1
*, Akbar Firmansyah
2
, Sakti Imam Muchlissin
3
, Ayu Rahmawati Sulistyaningtyas
4
,
Aditya Rahman Ernanto
5
, Ragil Saptaningtyas
5
, RM Bagus Irawan Widyawardhana
6
and Sri Darmawati
7
1
Magister of Medical Laboratory Science Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
2
Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
3
Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
4
Diploma 3 of Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
5
Diploma 4 of Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
5
Diploma 3 of Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
6
Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
7
Magister of Medical Laboratory Science Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: Stalis Norma Ethica, Magister of Medical Laboratory Science Study
Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia.
Introduction
The long-term establishment of the global water supply
and sustainability is closely related with the world population
growth and global climate change. Steadfast growth of the world’s
population forecasted to be almost multiplied by two from 3.4
to 6.3 billion between 2009 - 2050, is presented by a predicted
required growth of 70% agriculture production by 2050 [1]. Hence,
the need for fresh water is dramatically increasing, especially for
food production. It is because 70% of the withdrawals of world’s
freshwater are already adjudged for agricultural land irrigation.
Today each year, 64 billion cubic meters of fresh water are consumed
progressively by worlds’ population [2].
In developing countries, ground water contamination is a
key issue, with high levels of pollutants being reported in various
regions. Various contamination control and groundwater treatment
technologies methods should be applied to overcome this problem
[3]. Groundwater treatment technologies encompass physical,
chemical, or biological treatment techniques. They could be divided
as ex-situ or in-situ technologies.
Aside of world population growth and global climate change,
in particular, agricultural activities have been known to give
impact to groundwater pollution. For example, high nitrogen
Abstract
Major challenges in global groundwater supply mainly Come from population growth and climate change requiring innovative water technologies
to keep steady supply of drinking water and decrease water pollution worldwide. In particular, agricultural activities impact groundwater pollution.
Against this background, the adaptation of highly advanced bioremediation supported by microencapsulation technology to traditional process
engineering offers new opportunities in technological developments for advanced groundwater and wastewater technology processes. In this
study, benefits of microencapsulation technology for in situ bioremediation of polluted groundwater applications, particularly in bio-augmentation
and bio-stimulation, are presented. In addition, an overview of recent advances in microencapsulation technology for contaminated groundwater
treatment processes is provided, including the use of various micro-carrier materials are also summarized.
Keywords: Microencapsulation; Groundwater contamination; Micro-carrier; Bioremediation