NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS I32 (1976) 439-444; © NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING CO.
LINE SHAPE MEASUREMENTS OF ATOMS SPUTTERED FROM POLYCRYSTALLINE
Cu, Zn AND A! BY 300 keV Ar + BOMBARDMENT*
R. HIPPLER, W. KRI~GER, A. SCHARMANN and K.-H. SCHARTNER
L Physikalisches Institut der Justus Liebig-Universit?it, 63 Giessen, Germany
The line shape of atomic transitions of excited Cu, Zn, and AI atoms sputtered from polycristalline metal and from surface-
coated Zn and AI by the bombardment with 300 keV Ar + ions has been measured. The influence of radiationless de-excitation
processes on the line shape has been studied. The experimental results are compared with a single collision model introduced
by van der Weg and Bierman 7) for Ar + bombardment of Cu.
1. Introduction
Ion bombardment of solids results in the emission
of light which can be attributed to radiation from
sputtered or backscattered particles l-7) or - mostly in
the case of semi-conductors - to emission by the solid
itself s). For the escape of particles in an excited state
radiationless processes like resonant electron transfer
and Auger processes are determiningg). The resonance
ionization in connection with the knowledge of the
energy levels of the bombarded solid is very capable to
explain intensity ratios of atomic lines emitted during
the ion bombardment of metals or of their oxides,
the influence of oxygen gas on the intensity l°) and the
velocity spectrum of the emitting particlesll). Re-
sonance ionization is also used in the discussion of
line shapes which have been measured in high resolu-
tion studies of the light emission from backscattered
or sputtered particlesT). Measurements of this kind
even allow to obtain quantitative data for the pro-
bability of the radiationless decay. Line shape mea-
surements of excited target atoms have so far been
published only by Van der Weg and Bierman v) for
Ar-bombardment of Cu and by White et al. 12) for Si
and SiOz. The latter authors for the first time showed
a change in line shape for different target conditions
though this has already been mentioned by Van der
Weg and Bierman for Cu and CuzOV). But having
no Si reference line only a change of the line width
and the integral of the line can be taken from the
paper of White et al)Z). We now carried out some
measurements with the aim of investigating the effect
of the radiationless decay especially on the line shape.
We used AI und A120 3 targets, as for these the effect
of the surface conditions on the total intensity of
atomic AI lines has been studied~°), and Zn targets, as
for Zn there are excited atomic levels which lie above or
below the Fermi level of Zn and therefore are in a
similar way suitable for the study of resonance ioniza-
tion as the levels of A1 are under the change of the
surface conditions. We also used a Cu target to have a
comparison with the results of Van der Weg and
Bierman 7) who gave an explanation for their observed
line shape under the assumption of single collisions
occurring between the impinging ions and surface
atoms.
2. Apparatus
The measurements were done using mass-analyzed
beams of 300 keV Ar + ions. The ions were produced in
the radio-frequency ion source of a I MeV Van de
Graaff accelerator and directed on to Al, Cu, or Zn
targets, mounted under an angle of 45 ° with respect to
the ion beam (see fig. 1). The base pressure inside
the target chamber was maintained to 1 × l0 -8 torr
by means of two ion-getter pumps. Light emitted
from sputtered target atoms was observed through a
saphir window with the observation direction parallel
to the surface normal; no other observation angle with
respect to the ion beam was allowed due to the con-
struction of the target chamber. The light was dispersed
by a Leiss monochromator; the distance between
monochromator entrance slit and target was about
60 cm. The monochromator is equipped with a grating
(1800 lines/mm; linear dispersion 1 mm/18 A; focal
length 30 cm), which allows with slit widths of 0.05 mm
Ar* 1,5 °
~5o~a ~
Monochromotor
* Dedicated to Prof. Dr lng. E.h.W. Hanle on the occasion of Fig. 1. Schematic experimental set-up showing target orientation
his 75th birthday, and observation direction.
VII. PHOTON EMISSION