> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 1 MMC-Based SRM Drives with Decentralized Battery Energy Storage System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Chun Gan, Member, IEEE, Qingguo Sun, Jianhua Wu, Wubin Kong, Member, IEEE, Cenwei Shi, Member, IEEE, and Yihua Hu, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper proposes a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with decentralized battery energy storage system (BESS) for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. In the proposed drive, a battery cell and a half- bridge converter is connected as a submodule (SM), and multiple SMs are connected together for the MMC. The modular full-bridge converter is employed to drive the motor. Flexible charging and discharging functions for each SM are obtained by controlling switches in SMs. Multiple working modes and functions are achieved. Compared to conventional and existing SRM drives, there are several advantages for the proposed topology. A lower dc bus voltage can be flexibly achieved by selecting SM operation states, which can dramatically reduce the voltage stress on the switches. Multilevel phase voltage is obtained to improve the torque capability. Battery state-of-charge (SOC) balance can be achieved by independently controlling each SM. Flexible fault-tolerance ability for battery cells is equipped. The battery can be flexibly charged in both running and standstill conditions. Furthermore, completely modular structure is achieved by using standard half-bridge modules, which is beneficial for market mass production. Experiments carried out on a three- phase 12/8 SRM confirm the effectiveness of the proposed SRM drive. Index Terms—Modular multilevel converter (MMC), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), charging and discharging, flexible dc bus voltage, battery fault tolerance, switched reluctance motor (SRM). This manuscript has never been presented at a conference or submitted elsewhere previously. Chun Gan is with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. (E-mail: cgan@utk.edu) Qinguo Sun, Jianhua Wu, and Cenwei Shi are with the College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. (E-mail: lwsunqg@163.com; hzjhwu@163.com; singing@zju.edu.cn) Wubin Kong is with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. (E-mail: wubinkong@126.com) Yihua Hu is with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. (E-mail: y.hu35@liverpool.ac.uk)