Unsteady Mixed Convection Flow of a Rotating Second-Grade
Fluid on a Rotating Cone
S. Nadeem and S. Saleem
Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
In the present article, we have investigated the unsteady mixed convection flow
of a rotating second-grade fluid in a rotating cone with time-dependent angular
velocities. Two cases of heat transfer are presented which are known as (i) prescribed
wall temperature (PWT) and (ii) prescribed heat flux (PHF). The governing coupled
nonlinear partial differential equations are simplified with the help of transformations
and non-dimensional similar and non-similar variables, and solved analytically with
the help of the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of pertinent parameters
on the velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number,
and Sherwood number have been examined through graphs. © 2013 Wiley Peri-
odicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library
(wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21072
Key words: unsteady flow, mixed convection, rotating cone, second-grade
fluid, HAM solutions
1. Introduction
It is now generally recognized that in practical applications non-Newtonian fluids are more
significant and useful than Newtonian fluids. The flows of non-Newtonian fluids offer mathemati-
cians, engineers, and numerical specialists varied challenges, and they are developing appropriate
analytical and numerical solutions. This class of possible solution is still narrowed down for
non-Newtonian fluids on account of the highly nonlinear nature of the governing equations. There is
no single model which completely explains all the properties of non-Newtonian fluids; thus numerous
models have been developed for these fluids with their constitutive equations varying greatly in
complexity. However, differential-type non-Newtonian fluids such as second-grade fluids and third-
grade fluids have achieved a lot of success. Some important applications of non-Newtonian fluids are
food mixing and chyme movement in the intestine, polymer solutions, paint, flow of plasma, flow of
blood, flow of nuclear fuel slurries, flow of liquid metals and alloys, flow of mercury amalgams, and
lubrications with heavy oils and greases. Some fundamental studies on non-Newtonian fluids are
available in Refs. 1–9. Mixed convection flow is another important area which has attracted the
attention of researchers due to its applications in industry and technology. A few of these applications
are solar central receivers exposed to wind currents, electronic devices cooled by fans, nuclear reactors
cooled during emergency shutdown, and heat exchangers placed in a low-velocity environment [10].
However, the convective heat transfer in a rotating flow over a rotating cone is also a very important
© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat Transfer—Asian Research
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