https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650119872270 Clinical Case Studies 1–12 © The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1534650119872270 journals.sagepub.com/home/ccs Original Manuscript Comparison of Function-Based, Nonfunction-Based, and Combined Treatments for Escape-Maintained Aggression in a Child With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Study David A. Wilder 1 , J. Aaron Bevacqua 2 , Ansley C. Hodges 1,2 , Hallie Ertel 1,2 , and Nga Luong 1,2 Abstract In applied behavior analysis, the use of function-based treatments to reduce problem behavior is well-supported. However, in some cases, function-based treatments alone may not be as effective as nonfunction-based treatments or function-based treatments with additional, nonfunction-based components. In this case study, we compared the delivery of preferred edible items (a nonfunction-based treatment), a break from a task (a function-based treatment), and an enhanced break, which consisted of a break plus access to a preferred tangible item (combination of a nonfunction-based and function-based treatment), to treat escape-maintained aggression exhibited by a young child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Across all three treatments, reinforcement (i.e., edible, break, or enhanced break) was delivered contingent upon compliance with instructions and problem behavior resulted in escape. The nonfunction-based treatment and the combination treatment reduced aggression to zero levels; the function-based treatment did not. Finally, we allowed the participant to choose which of the three treatments he preferred to experience; he selected the combination treatment most often. Keywords attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, escape-maintained behavior, function-based treatment, nonfunction-based treatment, compliance 1 Theoretical and Research Basis for Treatment In applied behavior analysis (ABA), functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is a process used to identify the operant function of problem behavior. Based upon the outcome of FBA, behavior is 1 Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA 2 Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA Corresponding Author: David A. Wilder, School of Behavior Analysis, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA. Email: dawilder@fit.edu 872270CCS XX X 10.1177/1534650119872270Clinical Case StudiesWilder et al. research-article 2019