2071
Ceribelli,etal:Anti-Th/Toantibodies
Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2010. All rights reserved.
Anti-Th/To Are Common Antinucleolar
Autoantibodies in Italian Patients with Scleroderma
ANGELACERIBELLI,ILARIACAVAZZANA,FRANCOFRANCESCHINI,PAOLOAIRÒ,ANGELATINCANI,
ROBERTOCATTANEO,BRADA.PAULEY,EDWARDK.L.CHAN,andMINORUSATOH
ABSTRACT. Objective. Patients with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis; SSc) can be classified into subsets based
on autoantibody profile and clinical features. Specificities such as anti-Th/To and anti-fibrillarin
(U3RNP) are detectable mainly by immunoprecipitation (IP), which is not widely used in clinical
laboratories.WeexaminedtheautoantibodyprofilesandclinicalmanifestationsinacohortofItalian
patients with SSc, focusing on anti-Th/To and anticentromere (ACA) antibodies, associated with
limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc).
Methods. Sera from 216 consecutive patients with SSc were tested for ACA (by indirect immuno-
fluorescence), antitopoisomerase I (topo I; by counterimmunoelectrophoresis), and anti-RNA poly-
merase III (RNAPIII; by ELISA). Forty-one sera negative for these specificities were tested by IP
analysis of proteins (
35
S-methionine labeled K562 cell extract) and RNA(silver staining).
Results. Among 216 SSc patients analyzed, anti-topo I, ACA, and anti-RNAPIII were detected in
38% (81/216), 31% (67/216) and 7% (15/216), respectively. Among 41 sera negative for ACA,
anti-topo I, and anti-RNAPIII and which were tested by IP, 14 were nucleolar stain-positive. Eight
out of 14 (57%) showed anti-Th/To reactivity, but no anti-U3RNPwas found. In comparison with
ACA-positive patients, anti-Th/To-positive patients were younger (p = 0.0046) and more common-
ly were male (p = 0.0006). All 8 anti-Th/To-positive and all but one ACA-positive patients had
lcSSc. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pericarditis were more frequent in anti-Th/To-positive
patients.
Conclusion. Anti-Th/To are common in antinucleolar antibody-positive Italian patients with SSc.
Anti-Th/To and ACA patients had lcSSc, with excellent prognosis. The anti-Th/To group had fre-
quent pericarditis and ILD, although impairment of pulmonary function appeared mild.
(First ReleaseAugust 1 2010; J Rheumatol 2010;37:2071–5; doi:10.3899/jrheum.100316)
KeyIndexingTerms:
ANTI-Th/ToANTIBODIES ANTINUCLEOLARANTIBODIES
ANTICENTROMEREANTIBODIES SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
RNA-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION
FromtheRheumatologyUnit,A.O.SpedaliCivili,UniversitàdegliStudi,
Brescia,Italy;andDepartmentofOralBiologyandDepartmentof
Medicine,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,Florida,USA.
A.Ceribelli,MD;I.Cavazzana,MD;F.Franceschini,MD;P.Airò,MD;
A.Tincani,MD;R.Cattaneo,MD,RheumatologyUnit,A.O.Spedali
CivilidiBrescia,UniversitàdegliStudidiBrescia;B.A.Pauley,BSc;
E.K.L.Chan,PhD,DepartmentofOralBiology,UniversityofFlorida;
M.Satoh,MD,PhD,DepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofFlorida.
AddresscorrespondencetoDr.A.Ceribelli,DepartmentofOralBiology,
CollegeofDentistry,UniversityofFlorida,POBox100424,Gainesville,
FL32610-0424.E-mail:dott.ceribelli@libero.it
AcceptedforpublicationMay13,2010.
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) is a chronic autoim-
mune connective tissue disease characterized by vascular
changes, fibrosis, and presence of autoantibodies, such as
anticentromere (ACA), antitopoisomerase I (topo I), and
anti-RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) antibodies
1
. Patients
with scleroderma can be classified into subsets associated
with unique clinical features (cutaneous and visceral
involvement,rapidityofdiseaseprogression,andprognosis)
and specific autoantibodies. In particular, 2 major subsets,
the limited (lcSSc) and the diffuse (dcSSc) cutaneous vari-
ants,areclinicallyrecognized:dcSScisfrequentlyassociat-
edwithanti-topoIoranti-RNAPIIIantibodies,whilelcSSc
isassociatedwithACAoranti-Th/Toantibodies
1,2
.
In immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody (ANA)
screening,anti-topoIandanti-RNAPIIIshownuclearstain-
ing in fine speckled-homogeneous (topo I) or coarse speck-
led(RNAPIII)patterns.ELISAandothermethodsarewide-
ly used in clinical practice to confirm these specificities
3
.
ACAthatappearasadiscretespecklednuclearstainingpat-
terncanbeassessedbyascreeningANAtestaloneinmost
cases. In contrast, some SSc patients’ sera show a pure or
dominant nucleolar staining pattern. Anti-Th/To, fibrillarin
(U3RNP), and PM-Scl are the common specificities of
nucleolar stain-positive SSc sera. However, these autoanti-
bodies can be identified mainly by immunoprecipitation
(IP),whichisnotwidelyusedinclinicallaboratories.Thus,
clinical information available on these antibodies is based
onstudiesfromafewinstitutions,despitedatasuggestinga
significant effect of ethnicity on autoantibody profile and
clinical features
1
.
We examined the clinical and immunological features
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