Research Article
In Vivo Analyses of Osteogenic Activity and Bone Regeneration
Capacity of Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Xenograft: A
Potential Candidate for Alveolar Bone Fillers
David Buntoro Kamadjaja ,
1
Zefry Zainal Abidin ,
2
Riska Diana ,
2
Ikhram Kharis ,
2
Ni Putu Mira Sumarta ,
1
Muhammad Subhan Amir ,
1
Andra Rizqiawan ,
1
Coen Pramono Danudiningrat ,
1
and Norifumi Nakamura
3
1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
2
Postgraduate Program, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation,
Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoDavidBuntoroKamadjaja;david-b-k@fkg.unair.ac.id
Received 1 May 2021; Revised 28 June 2021; Accepted 23 July 2021; Published 3 August 2021
AcademicEditor:RenatoCasarin
Copyright © 2021 David Buntoro Kamadjaja et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis
properlycited.
Background.Deproteinizedbovinebonemineral(DBBM)particleisthecommonlyusedbonegraftsubstituteinimplantsurgery
whichismainlyosteoconductiveandhasveryslowdegradation.Demineralizedfreeze-driedbovinebonexenograft(DFDBBX)
particleisbeingdevelopedasanovelxenogeneicbonefiller. Objectives.estudyaimedtoanalyzeosteogenicactivityandbone-
formingcapacityofDFDBBXparticlescomparedtoDBBMparticlesinalveolarbonedefectsinrabbitmandiblesmodels. Material
and Methods.isstudyinvestigatedbonedefectswhetherfilledwithDBBMparticlesorDFDBBXparticlesorleftunfilledin30
rabbitmandibles.Specimenswereprocessedforhistology,immunohistochemistry,andmicro-CTscanning.Statisticaldifference
wassetata p value < 0.05. Results.equantitativeassessmentshowedasignificantlylowernumberofosteoclastsandahigher
numberofosteoblastsintheDFDBBXgroupcomparedtotheDBBMgroupin2and4weeks(p < 0.05).Immunostaininganalyses
showedsignificantlyhigherexpressionofRUNX2,collagentypeI,alkalinephosphatase,andosteocalcinintheDFDBBXgroup
comparedtotheDBBMgroupin2and4weeks.BonehealingscoreintheDFDBBXgroupwascomparabletotheDBBMgroup.
Micro-CTpresentednosignificantdifferenceinthevolumepercentageofthemineralizedtissueintheDBBMandDFDBBX
groups in spite of the different healing patterns in both groups. Conclusion. DFDBBX particles induced higher osteoblastic
activitiesthanDBBMparticlesattheearlystageofhealing.Meanwhile,thecapacityofboneformationinDFDBBXparticleswas
comparable with DBBM particles at the later stage of healing. Considering the limitation of this study, the results presented
DFDBBX particles as potential bone filler candidates.
1. Introduction
Bonegraftingisacommonproceduretoregeneratebonein
alveolarbonedefectscausedbypathologiesandperiodontal
diseases and following traumatic tooth extraction [1]. e
use of bone grafts in dentistry has markedly increased in
recent years especially due to advancements in dental
implantology [2]. e ideal bone graft is autogenous bone
eitherusedaloneorcombinedwithhumanbonegraftsuch
as freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and demineralized
freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). Human bone grafts
are relatively difficult to obtain and associated with a high
risk of disease transmission [3]. Accordingly, natural or
synthetic bone substitutes have been broadly used as al-
ternative bone fillers in various clinical conditions [4].
Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles
are the most broadly used natural bone fillers. eir high
osteoconductive activity allows cell migration, attachment,
Hindawi
International Journal of Dentistry
Volume 2021, Article ID 1724374, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1724374