Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Gambling Studies
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09940-7
1 3
ORIGINAL PAPER
Clustering Gambling Disorder Patients with Lotteries
as a Preferred Form of Gambling
Roser Granero
1,2
· Daniela León‑Vargas
3
· Virginia Martín‑Romera
4
·
Fernando Fernández‑Aranda
1,5,6
· Teresa Mena‑Moreno
1,5
·
Amparo del Pino‑Gutiérrez
5,7
· Ester Codina
5
· Mónica Gómez‑Peña
5
·
Laura Moragas
5
· Neus Aymamí
5
· Gemma Mestre‑Bach
1,5
· Zaida Agüera
1,5
·
Cristina Vintró‑Alcaraz
1,5
· María Lozano‑Madrid
1,5
· Gemma Casalé‑Salayet
5
·
José M. Menchón
5,6,8
· Susana Jiménez‑Murcia
1,5,6
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the specifc subtype of gamblers who present lotteries as their
main gambling problem. This study aimed to explore empirical subgroups of treatment-
seeking patients who endorsed lotteries as their preferred form of gambling. The sample
included n = 342 patients who were included in two-step cluster analysis procedures using
sociodemographic and clinical measures as indicator variables. Three clusters were identi-
fed: (a) Cluster 1 (labeled as “severely impaired young men”, n = 108, 31.6%) included
mainly single young men that were employed, with short disorder duration, high gambling
severity and high levels of comorbid psychopathology; (b) Cluster 2 (labeled as “moderate
severity and highly functional”, n = 120, 35.1%) included patients that were middle-aged,
highly educated, married, employed, with high socioeconomic position indexes and func-
tional personality traits; and (c) Cluster 3 (labeled as “older, moderately impaired patients”,
n = 114, 33.3%) included older patients, the highest percentage of separated or divorced
subjects, high unemployment, low socioeconomic status and low levels of education. This
study indicates that gambling disorder profles characterized by lotteries as a preferred
form of gambling constitute a heterogeneous group in which distinct, empirically based
phenotypes can be identifed. These factors should be taken into account for the devel-
opment of reliable assessment instruments and for the design of efective prevention and
treatment programs.
Keywords Clustering · Gambling disorder · Lotteries · Personality · Psychopathology
* Susana Jiménez-Murcia
sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat
Extended author information available on the last page of the article