17 PRODUKSI COMMERCIAL GRADE FURFURAL DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG DENGAN BIOGAS SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI DALAM MENUNJANG INDUSTRI NASIONAL Suharto 1 , Susanti Sundari 2* 1 Pusat Riset Teknologi Pertambangan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) Jl. Ir. Sutami KM 15 Lampung Selatan 2 Progam Studi Teknik Industri Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung Jl. Gajah Mada No. 34 Kotabaru Bandar Lampung *PenulisKorespondensi:susantisundari09@gmail.com Abstract Furfural as one of the strategic chemicals, especially in the petroleum industry (oil refineries) has a fairly wide market opportunity. Up to now, there is no furfural factory in Indonesia. The development of furfural industry technology can be used as the forerunner to the establishment of a national furfural factory. The development of furfural industry technology from corn cobs can also increase the added value of corn cobs while reducing environmental problems. Research Methodology in Furfural Manufacturing Process consists of Process Selection, preparation of raw materials, hydrolysis and dehydration processes, as well as yield and purification stages. The outputs that have been obtained from initial and further research are a Digester Prototype with a capacity of 1000 L along with its platform and a stripper column with a reboiler capacity of 60 L, a product in the form of crude furfural with a purity of 94% which is ready for the purification process, a shelter with a size of 4 x 9 m2 which is in Inside there is a steam generator, digester and stripper column and a vacuum distillation column with a reboiler capacity of 60 L and a column height of 200 cm. If viewed from the calculation of the gross profit margin on a basis of 1 ton of furfural, the establishment of a furfural factory can be said to be interesting for further study Keywords: Corncob, digester, purification, prototype Pendahuluan Teknologi limbah padat lignoselulosa (biomassa) dari agroindustri harus terus dikembangkan karena mempunyai potensi keunggulan komparatif yang sangat besar. Hal ini dapat diharapkan memberi nilai tambah, diversifikasi sumber bahan kimia maju dan terbarukan dan pengurangan beban pencemaran lingkungan. Beberapa negara maju, dan bahkan USA menaruh perhatian besar pada pengembangan teknologi pemanfaatan biomassa ini [Hettenhaus, Wooley and Wiselogel, 2000]. Limbah lignoselulosa dari tongkol jagung adalah sangat potensial, dengan komponen utama: selulosa (bahan pulp), hemiselulosa (bahan xylose atau C5- sugars, dan furfural) dan lignin (untuk binder, surfactant, dan lain-lain). Tongkol jagung dengan kadar 30 - 32 % pentosan dapat menghasilkan furfural sekitar 9%. Tongkol jagung dapat menjadi bahan baku utama industri furfural karena tongkol jagung saat ini belum dimanfaatkan dan tersedia sepanjang tahun. Dengan produksi jagung pipil rata- rata sebesar 1,8 juta ton per tahun di Provinsi Lampung, akan menghasilkan