Investigation of Polymer Micro-Actuators Based on Electrostrictive Poly(vinylidene
fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymers
Tian-bing Xu
1
, Feng Xia , Z.-Y. Cheng, and Q. M. Zhang
Materials Research Institute and Department of Electrical Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
1
NASA/LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681
ABSTRACT
Micromachined actuators based on the electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer, which
possesses a high strain (~5%) and high elastic energy density (~ 1 J/cm
3
), have been designed
and fabricated. The performance of the devices have been characterized and modeled in terms of
the properties of the copolymer and dimensions of the devices. The experimental results on the
device responses under high AC fields (electrostrictive mode), weak AC fields in DC field
biased state, and frequency dependence, are very close to the modeling results. Due to the large
field induced strain and high frequency capability of the electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE), the
device possesses the capability of operation at non-resonance mode with high displacement and
force output, and hence, the device is capable to be used over a broad frequency range. For
example, for a device of 1 mm lateral dimension, the displacement output can reach more than
50 μm and the ratio of the displacement/applied voltage is more than 20 nm/V
rms
. Furthermore,
over more than 3 frequency decades (up to 100 kHz), the dispersion of the displacement is less
than 20%. The observed performance of the devices indicates that this class of the
electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE) based micro-actuators is attractive for micropumps and valves.
INTRODUCTION
BioMEMs represents a promising new direction in meeting 21
st
century health care
challenges. BioMEMs integrate microscale sensors, actuators, microfluidics, micro-optics, and
structural elements with computation, communications and controls for application to medicine
for the improvement of human health. Derived from the microfabrication technology used to
make integrated circuits, BioMEMs is expected to revolutionize the way medicine is practiced
and delivered. The ability to apply batch fabrication methods to the manufacture of BioMEMs
might also enable greater accessibility to medical procedures through a lower overall cost of
health care delivery [1]. A concept of a miniaturized total analysis system (μTAS) has been
developed in recent years [2]. Ideally, a μTAS performs all the component stages of a complete
analysis in an integrated and automated fashion. Typically, a μTAS is a microchip or micro-
device fabricated using conventional micromaching technologies, such as BioMEMs technology
is used in μTAS system. A μTAS needs the fabrication of micro-components for fluid handing,
such as microvalves, micropumps, microsensors and microchannels, and proper system
integration. More recently, polymer or plastics based μTAS and microfluidic devices have
gained more attentions due to the lost cost, ease of mass production and biocompatibility of the
polymeric materials [3].
The viability of μTAS depends in part on the development of sophisticated yet robust
miniature fluidics components-pumps, valves, mixers, filters, etc, that can be integrated with the
analytical sensor and actuator components. The performances of active microvalves and
J5.4.1 Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 741 © 2003 Materials Research Society