Open Information Science 2020; 4: 156–168
Tonia Sutherland*
Disrupting Carceral Narratives: Race, Rape,
and the Archives
https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0012
Received December 21, 2019; accepted May 21, 2020
Abstract: Using critical archival studies as a methodological frame, this paper applies theories of the
carceral archive to two historic legal cases: the Ala Moana Boys and the Central Park Five. Through these two
cases I demonstrate that engaging the three primary underpinnings of the carceral archive—documentary
records, narrative construction, and Foucauldian conceptions of “the carceral”—can critically expose,
complicate, and unsettle carceral narratives, providing a new theoretical framework for troubling what
Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie calls “the danger of a single story” in the historical record. Finally, I
argue that it is through disrupting carceral narratives and centering more liberatory counter-narratives that
archives might envision and promote themselves as sites replete with emancipatory impulses and ripe with
liberatory potential.
Keywords: archives, narratology, race, carceral, Massie, Central Park Five
1 Introduction
In the early morning hours of September 13, 1931, a 20-year-old Navy wife, Thalia Hubbard Massie, reported
to police in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi that she had been pulled into a car, driven down Ala Moana Road (or Beach
Road, now known as Ala Moana Boulevard), beaten, dragged into the brush, and raped by four or five
Hawaiian men. Within hours, Honolulu police had rounded up five suspects, young men in their early
twenties who all hailed from the working class Kalihi-Palama neighborhood of Oʻahu. Of the young men,
only two were actually Native Hawaiian; two were Japanese, and one was Chinese-Hawaiian. Collectively
they would come to be known as the “Ala Moana Boys.” One month later, on October 12, 1931, the Ala Moana
Boys were formally indicted for the alleged kidnapping and rape of Thalia Hubbard Massie, wife of Navy
Lieutenant Thomas Massie.
The trial of the Ala Moana Boys drew national attention at a time when lynchings were still common
in many parts of the United States. (The trial of the nine Scottsboro Boys, falsely accused of raping a white
woman in Alabama, had occurred only six months prior, and a local sheriff had been forced to call in
the Alabama National Guard to forestall a lynching.) It was little surprise, therefore, that when the Ala
Moana Boys’s trial ended in a hung jury after just one month, it served to anger many in Hawaiʻi’s white
community. Navy officials began to increase existing pressure to bring Hawaiʻi—at this time a United States
territory—under military rule, and on the United States mainland, or Turtle Island, newspapers and other
media were brimming with American outrage at the alleged failure of Hawaiʻi’s justice system to protect
white women from being attacked by “brown natives (Simpson, 1932, p.1).”
Almost sixty years after what is now known as The Ala Moana Case (the precursor to the highly
Research Article
*Corresponding author, Tonia Sutherland, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii United States, E-mail: tsuther@
hawaii.edu
Open Access. © 2020 Tonia Sutherland, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attributi-
on 4.0 Public License.