Original Article © Copyright 2019 by the Emergency Medicine Physicians’ Association of Turkey Eurasian Journal of Emergency Medicine published by Galenos Publishing House. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 48 Eurasian J Emerg Med. 2019;18(1): 48-54 Received: 22.01.2019 Accepted: 04.02.2019 Corresponding Author: Abdullah Osman Koçak, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey Phone: +90 442 344 83 90 E-mail: abdullahmrym86@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-4474 Cite this article as: Koçak AO. A Randomized Double-Blind Study: Evulation of Comparing Intravenous Fentanyl with Intravenous Tramadol Administered to Patients with Pain Control Due to Urinary Stone Disease. Eurasian J Emerg Med. 2019;18(1):48-54 Introduction Pain is a global public health problem and is the most common cause of admission to the hospital. If the pain cannot be managed properly, it causes medical complications, chronic pain development and low patient satisfaction. Pain management is still a challenge for healthcare professionals today. These difficulties include the problems associated with the interaction of drugs, side effects and addiction to some drugs. Therefore, maximum care should be taken in pain management (1). Acute flank pain is a common and complex clinical problem that most frequently caused by urolithiasis and also can be caused by urinary and extra-urinary anomalies (2). Renal colic is usually defined as acute pain in the flank due to the passing of a stone through the ureter. Acute renal colic is a pain that starts in the flank and spreads to the groin. Renal colic is often accompanied with microscopic hematuria (85% of patients), nausea, vomiting and costovertebral angle tenderness (3). Acute renal colic can be described as a common disorder. The prevalence of kidney stone has roughly tripled in the last 10 years (4). It is estimated that the risk of stone formation (lithiasis) in an individual is 5 to 10%. The recurrence rate was reported to be 50% in 5 years and 80-90% in 10 years after a kidney stone was formed. People who suffer from kidney stone are more likely to have urinary metabolic abnormalities compared to healthy population Abstract Aim: The aim of our study is to compare the efficiency of fentanyl and tramadol as analgesics in renal colic patients. Materials and Methods: Our research is a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. We administered intravenous (i.v.) non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs as first line treatment. Then, “i.v. fentanyl” and “i.v. tramadol” were administered to the patients whose pain did not relieve. The outcomes of the analgesic efficacy in our study were the difference between VAS 0-VAS 60 values and the score less than 4 in VAS 60. Results: A total of 912 renal colic patients were admitted during the study period. When the exclusion criteria were applied, the study was completed with 143 patients. The difference between VAS 0 and VAS 60 values-which is the primary outcome in the evaluation of analgesic efficiency in our study is 6.11±2.49 in fentanyl and 5.94±2.40 in tramadol group. While 16 patients responded to the treatment in the fentanyl group, 18 patients responded to the treatment in the tramadol group. Conclusion: Our study concluded that both drugs are effective on renal colic pain and they do not have a significant advantage over each other. Keywords: Renal colic, fentanyl, tramadol Department of Emergency Medicine, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey Abdullah Osman Koçak A Randomized Double-Blind Study: Evulation of Comparing Intravenous Fentanyl with Intravenous Tramadol Administered to Patients with Pain Control Due to Urinary Stone Disease DOI: 10.4274/eajem.galenos.2019.84429