Socialism in Europe Meta description: socialism is an ideology developed in 19th-century Europe. socialism came as a reaction against the ill effects of the industrial revolution. The period of the 19th century was a time of radical change in manufacturing industries and social dynamics. IntroducƟon: The starting of the 19th century brought many changes. With the end of the french revolution, the whole world saw the impact of modern ideas and a wave of modern thought had spread over the world. Multiple inventions happened in the ϐield of science and many modern ideas came ϐlocking in. From this wave of modern ideas, two became the most famous. One was liberal and another one was Radical. These ideas were the outcome of the mechanization of production during the industrial revolution. The liberal idea was in support of the accumulation of property with the help of increased production. Liberals were in support of private property and through this, they sought to uplift their social status and challenge the existing old aristocracy. Radicals also were in support of challenging the old aristocracy but they didn't support private ownership. Radicals believed in collective ownership and opposed the idea of the concentration of vast wealth on a single hand. Industrial society and social change: The industrial revolution started with the invention of the steam engine and it completely transformed the manufacturing process. In the early 19th century when the industrial revolution was at its peak, it changed the old feudal societies into industrial societies. The early industries were set up in England and it was the ϐirst European country to transform into an industrial society. It was the time when new cities were established, industries were set up and railways expanded. It brought men and women to factories and there was a migration from the countryside to the cities in search of work in factories. Due to the increasing number of workers, unemployment increased. The working hours were long and the wages were insufϐicient for better living conditions. The housing and sewage in cities became a problem and slums started to form. Instead of this, the workers saw this industrial revolution as an opportunity to change their social status because now they could convert their labour into capital. The liberals and radicals sought to change the existing structure of government. In many countries, there was a revolt against the autocracies and in France, Germany, Russia and Italy, the revolution happened to overthrow the monarch.