~ 132 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; 7(1): 132-134 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2018; 7(1): 132-134 Received: 15-11-2017 Accepted: 21-12-2017 Mohammed Waseem Department of Soil and water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India Ibrahim Kaleel Department of Soil and water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India Mallikarjuna Department of Soil and water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India BS Polisgowsar Department of Soil and water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India Correspondence Ibrahim Kaleel Department of Soil and water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India Effect of micro sprinkler and surface irrigation on growth and yield of groundnut crop under raichur agro climatic conditions Mohammed Waseem, Ibrahim Kaleel, Mallikarjuna and BS Polisgowsar Abstract Field experiment was conducted during December 2011 to April 2012 under Raichur climatic conditions. The performance of micro sprinkler irrigation for groundnut at 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% ETC was compared with surface irrigation. The study revealed that irrigating through micro sprinkler at 100% ET (23.86 q ha -1 ) recorded the highest yield followed by 80% ET (21.60 q ha -1 ) and 120% ET (20.09 q ha -1 ) which was superior over surface irrigation yielded (19.75 q ha -1 ). The highest B: C ratio (3.42) was found in micro sprinkler irrigation 100 % ET followed by surface irrigation (3.32) respectively. Keywords: Irrigation, Micro sprinkler, Groundnut, Yield, Economics. Introduction Land and water are the most precious natural resources, the importance of which in human civilization needs no elaboration. The total available land area in the State sets the limits within which the competing human needs have to be met. The needs of agricultural, industrial, domestic and others often result in diversion from one use to the other. Diversion of land from agriculture to non-agriculture uses adversely affects the growth in agriculture sector. Water supports all forms of life on this mother earth. It plays a vital role in agriculture. Irrigation is the basic input for enhancing reliability and productivity of agriculture. Water being a scarce resource, its efficient and economic use is of utmost importance in agriculture. Pressurized irrigation system has been found to be quite effective under limited water availability not only in achieving higher productivity but also economizing other inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, labor etc. compared to traditional irrigation methods. Micro irrigation is convenient and effective means of supplying water directly to soil and nearer to the plant without much loss of water resulting in higher water productivity. For water to be available to the plant root zone only is required to be wet and this can be efficiently achieved through this system. Micro irrigation system avoids unnecessary wetting of soil zones not having roots and minimizes the losses due to surface and deep percolation from such areas. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) “King of oilseed crops”, is believed to be native of Brazil (South America). In India, groundnut is grown in an area of 5.95 million ha with a production of 7.54 million tonnes with the yield of 1268 kg ha -1 (Anon, 2011) [1] . Six major groundnut growing states viz., Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Maharashtra contribute 90 per cent of total groundnut area of India. Micro sprinkler system can be very well used for close growing crops which require less pressure compare to sprinkler system. For judicious water supply and also to maintain optimum moisture condition during the critical stage it is assumed that micro sprinkler would be more advantageous for getting higher yield. Hence it is necessary to formulate a suitable micro sprinkler irrigation design with simple and efficient scheduling of irrigation to groundnut crop. Material and Methods A field study was conducted from December 2011 to April 2012 in farmer’s field at Yeragera village, Raichur which is located at 16˚15' North latitude and 77˚20 ′ East longitude and is at an elevation of 389 m above mean sea level (MSL). The climate is semi-arid and average annual rainfall is 650 mm. The experiment was laid out with groundnut variety R-2001-2 in a Randomized Block Design with five treatments i.e. 60, 80, 100, 120 per cent ET once in two days in micro sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation, replicated four times with net plot size of 9 x 9 m with 100 per cent over lapping. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam.