Original Article
Seeing Through Rose-tinted
Glass: Exploring Forms of
Self-deception Through Students
Substance Usage Beliefs
Meroona Gopang
1
, Abdul Waheed Siyal
2,3
and Sumera Umrani
4
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing growth in the use of substance amongst the youth especially in
higher education institutions of Pakistan. Literature indicates the existence of self-deception in substance
users through self-reports. However, a dearth of qualitative exploration leads us to investigate self-
deception through lived experiences of students who use the substance. The aim of the current study
is to explore the phenomenon of self-deception through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Smith
et al. (2009) interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilized as a method for data collection.
The investigators deployed semi-structured interview guide designed through the interview protocol
framework. Four themes that emerged from the data were (i) denial, where users exhibited persistent
denial from negative effects of the substance; (ii) overconfidence, an illusionary aspect of substance
users through elevated self-esteem; (iii) rationalization, where substance users frequently rationalized
their usage through multiple attributions, such as family environment, cultural beliefs and common
practices. Moreover; and (iv) awareness about positive and negative consequences of substance use,
which highlighted paradoxical nature of substance users that move to and from between negative
and positive aspects of substance use. Findings suggest a progressive advancement towards the
understanding of the phenomenon of self-deception through its prevalent forms in university students
who use the substance.
Keywords
Substance use, self-deception, phenomenological analysis, rationalization, overconfidence
Background
As per speculation, 5 million adults are using multiple substances with an annual growth rate of 7%
(Khattak et al., 2012), which is a matter of significant concern for Pakistani colleges and universities.
Journal of Human Values
1–12
© 2022 Management Centre
for Human Values
Reprints and permissions:
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DOI: 10.1177/09716858221092513
journals.sagepub.com/home/jhv
1
Department of Psychology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
2
College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
3
Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
4
Institute of English Language & Literature, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Corresponding author:
Abdul Waheed Siyal, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China;
Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan.
E-mail: abdulwaheedsiyal@gmail.com