Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 1625 Bio-Molecular Allele Frequencies Availability of 23Y-Str Markers Polymorphisms and Odontogenic Diseases in Iraqi Population Study Mohammed Mahdi Al-Zubaidi 1 , Ammar Riyad Mohi 2 1 PhD Academic Researcher, Department of Training and Development, Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, 2 Head and Chairman of Clinical Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract Orofacial diseases of multidiscipline nature from carious lesions to tumors are signifcant diseases attack a large number of individuals around the world. However, In the recent years, bioinformatics methods have been reported to analyses several loci of simultaneously. Moreover, Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) (23) was performed to measure the genetic distance between the Iraqi population sample and reference data from populations. In this study, we analyzed the genetic polymorphisms of 23 Y-STR loci from PowerPlex® Y23 system in 313 unrelated healthy male individuals from Iraqi populations, and observed 283 different haplotypes including 269 unique haplotypes and 16 duplicate haplotypes. in which 283 different haplotypes was identifed classifed into 264 (93, 23%) as a unique Haplotype and 19 (6, 77%) as replicated haplotype among individuals. The highest haplotype were found in sample H45, H85, H135,H213 and H241 at frequency 0.010 ( haplotype replicated 3 times ), While 264 haplotype with 0.0033 frequency and haplotype diversity was 0.996 with a discrimination capacity 0.93 respectively. The gene diversity values ranged from 0.3942 at DYS438 to 0.9607 at DYS385a/b. Such results indicated that the 23 Y-STR loci were highly polymorphic in Bagdad population and played crucial roles in forensic application as well as population genetics. For the frst time, we reported the genetic diversity of male lineages in Bagdad population at a high-resolution level of 23 Y-STR set and consequently contributed to familial searching, Odontologic science application tracking, and anthropology analysis of Bagdad population. Keywords: Iraqi population ; 23Y-STR markers ; Bio-molecular allele ; patients; genetic Introduction The incidence and mortality of various cancers are associated with sex-specifc disparities. Men are more than twice as likely as women to develop oral cancer, according to new fgures released by Cancer Research UK, particularly Odontologic malignancies such as Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, amplifying of 15 Y-specifc STR loci by primers, all the cancerous tissue Y chromosomes seemed to be intact. These results indicate when malignant neoplastic tissue specimens are used, that amelogenin-based gender determination should be carefully interpreted. In same instance, fne underlying basis of the carious lesions were supported genetically but, it is still unclear. These events basically often goes undetected until advanced stages which are related to high epidemic rate, and as such it carries heavy personal and societal costs. Iraq has a population of 30,399,572 (July 2011 estimation). Individuals for this study were sampled from Baghdad. The commercially available AmpFℓSTR® Identifler™ PCR Amplifcation Kit used for this study genotypes the thirteen Combined DNA Identifcation System loci (CODIS13), as recommended for use by the Federal Bureau of Investigation plus two additional loci (D19S433 and D2S1338). These thirteen CODIS loci are used world-wide by forensic laboratories and, as a result, facilitate comparisons between populations