Research Article / Araştırma Makalesi Cite as/ Atıf: Şaş, A. K. & Aydın, Ş. (2022). Osmanlı Türkçesi fizyonomi terimleri. Turkish Studies - Language, 17(2), 709-729. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.62692 Received/Geliş: 29 May/Mayıs 2022 Checked by plagiarism software Accepted/Kabul: 25 June/Haziran 2022 © Yazar(lar)/Author(s) | CC BY- NC 4.0 Published/Yayın: 30 June/Haziran 2022 Osmanlı Türkçesi Fizyonomi Terimleri Ottoman Turkish Physiognomy Terms Ali Kemal Şaş * - Şenol Aydın ** Abstract: Turks have ruled over a wide geography throughout history and played a leading role in the construction of many civilizations that have left deep traces in history. As a natural consequence of this situation, the Turkish language gained the identity as a cultural language in different periods and numerous Turkish works were written in many civilization centers. One of the most important of these civilization centers is Anatolia. After the Turks settled in Anatolia, they created many works related to different fields. While works based on translations were presented in the beginning, copyrighted works started to come to the forefront with the enrichment of the Turkish language and the provision of cultural depth over time. In the founding years of the Ottoman Empire, scientific works were mostly translated from Arabic and Persian into our language. Among the translations belonging to this period, the physiognomy works, which are mostly called kıyafetname or firasetnamE, have an important place. Although physiognomy dates back to ancient times and gained a scientific identity in Ancient Greece, it spread to the world through Arabic translations based on Greek works, especially during the Middle Ages. The first physiognomy works were mostly based on translations of Arabic works. Over time, mixed copyright-translation and copyrighted works have emerged in this field. In this study, which determines the physiognomy terms in Ottoman Turkish, first, information about the birth of physiognomy and its situation in ancient civilizations is given, and then the basic physiognomy texts are introduced. After the physiognomy works written in Europe and Islamic geography were introduced, information was given about Turkish physiognomy works belonging to the Ottoman Period. In the study, twenty-two copyrighted and translated works written in Ottoman Turkish were scanned and around two hundred terms, some of which have become archaic today, have been identified. The identified terms are listed alphabetically according to their usage at that time. Structured Abstract: Physiognomy, which is generally called ilm-i kıyafet, ilm-i firaset or ilm-i sima in the regions where Islamic civilization is dominant, has been considered as a knowledge that is assumed to generate data about the personality and destiny of human beings, based on facial features or body features. Today, physiognomy, which is not taken into account by many researchers that it is not scientific or does not produce data that meets the criteria of modern science and it is considered as a semi-science or even a pseudoscience. Physiognomy has attracted attention (almost) in all ancient civilizations. Initially associated with practices such as fortune telling and magic, physiognomy has been used throughout history in most of the fields related to * Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Asst. Prof. Dr., Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Turkish Language and Literature 0000-0001-6838-3018 kemalsas@ahievran.edu.tr ** YL Öğrencisi Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Master’s Student, Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Letters, Departmant of Turkish Language and Literarture 0000-0002-5041-8945 senolaydin40@hotmail.com