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COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN INDIA- Flattening
the Curve and Raising the Line
Narayana Darapaneni
Director - AIML
Great Learning/Northwestern
University Illinois, USA
darapaneni@gmail.com
Kappilan Chelvarajan
Student - AIML
Great Learning
Chennai, India
kappilan@gmail.com
Balamanikandan Maheswaran
Student - AIML
Great Learning
Chennai, India
mbalamanikandan@gmail.com
Arun Prasad V.S
Student - AIML
Great Learning
Chennai, India
arun123prasad.vs@gmail.com
Kartikeyan S
Student - AIML
Great Learning
Chennai, India
s.kartikeyan88@gmail.com
Surya Narayani V
Student - AIML
Great Learning
Chennai, India
suryanarayani99@gmail.com
Anwesh Reddy Paduri
Research Assistant - AIML
Great Learning
Mumbai, India
anwesh@greatlearning.in
Abstract— This paper evaluates the data of the Covid-19
infected, recovered, and death cases, as well as the data of the
hospital beds, ICU unit occupancies from 14 March 2020 to 7
August 2020 for the top 5 affected the Indian States. The modified
SEIR model used here assesses the effectiveness of the measures
taken by the Government in containing the virus spread by
varying the basic reproduction number for every 20 days
following the first 40 days based on the containment measures
taken by the Government and reverse calculating the other SEIR
parameters. The result confirms that the measures have helped to
contain the virus spread in meeting the health care capacity line
in states like Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. States like
Andhra Pradesh need further containment actions and increased
health care capacities if the current trend continues.
Keywords - COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic, Social
distancing, Lockdown, SEIR models
I. INTRODUCTION
COVID-19 is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
which is believed to have originated from Wuhan, China, and
effectively spread to more than 199 countries and territories,
most of the countries showed a similar pattern of spread, at least
in the first phase, of this pandemic [1]. These transmissions
occur mainly through inhalation or contact with infected
droplets. The incubation period may range from 2 to 14 days
[2]. The fatality rate is approximated to range from 2 to 3% but
the demographic trend is towards the older population (about
27% for 60+ age groups) and those with pre-existing medical
ailments [3].
The first case of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in India
was reported on 30 January 2020 [4] in a student who returned
from Wuhan, China. The number of infections started to rise
after the first case and was reported with 1,251 cases on 30
March 2020, among which there were 1,117 active cases, 102
recovered cases, and 32 deaths [5], [6]. Though the nation was
not prepared the infection rate was slightly in favor of the
nation due to various factors like warmer climate as well as
humidity [7], [8], the majority of the people being young, and
because of the acquired immunity through BCG vaccinations
[9] but there was no conclusive evidence to support these
studies [10]. Post the preliminary studies the current reported
cases are 36, 91,183 among which there are 7, 85,220 active
cases, 28, 39,923 recovered cases, and 65,452 deaths as of 1
September 2020[11].
India went into strict lockdown from 22 March - 14 April 2020
for 21 days [lockdown 1.0] followed by an extension till 4 May
2020 with little relaxation based on the containment zones,
during lockdown 1.0, the average daily reported new cases
were less than 600 and 1420 during lockdown 2.0. Though the
reported smaller numbers could be because of strict measures
taken during the lockdown, it could also be because of the less
number of tests per day as tests were done only to limited
people. This is unlike the strategy followed in China and South
Korea where testing was done for the entire population of
hotspots and the curve was flattened almost immediately [12],
[16].
There was a lot of relaxation during lockdown 3.0 [4 May - 17
May 2020] and lockdown 4.0 [18 May - 31 May 2020] and even
more relaxation post 1st June 2020. As expected to the line of
increase in relaxations, the daily average cases reported also
increased drastically to 8000 per day during these 40 days.
Though the number of cases increased the actual number
should have been higher if the actual reproduction number R0
2020 IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applied Network Technologies (ICMLANT) | 978-1-7281-8885-0/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICMLANT50963.2020.9355981