Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
Environment Systems and Decisions (2019) 39:77–94
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9684-7
A framework for pluvial food risk assessment in Alexandria
considering the coping capacity
Bahaa Elboshy
1
· Shinjiro Kanae
2
· Mona Gamaleldin
1
· Hany Ayad
3
· Toshihiro Osaragi
4
· Waleed Elbarki
5
Published online: 4 April 2018
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract
Urbanization and climate change are likely to aggravate the food risk especially in the developing regions where these are
also lack of resources. Risk assessment at the local scale can be seen as an important tool to assist the decision makers to
identify and prioritize development, preparedness, and emergency. This paper introduces an integrated framework to assess
urban pluvial food risk, taking into consideration the available coping capacity arrangements as the coping capacity is con-
sidered to be the main factor to control the risk impact. The presented framework incorporates the pluvial food inundation
model; the building and social vulnerabilities indices; and coping capacity indicators to identify the risk level in the urban
areas and to test the diferent scenarios for the disaster risk reduction measures. The proposed risk assessment framework has
been applied to the city of Alexandria, located in northern Egypt, as there is an increase in pluvial foods in the city causing
economic and human losses. A risk map for Almontaza district has been prepared to reveal the risk level for each block, this
map can be used for the planning purposes. The introduced framework can increase the efciency of the preparedness and
emergency plans; it can also help the planners to direct the available development resources to the priority areas.
Keywords Urban food · Risk assessment · Extreme events · Risk modeling · Coping capacity
1 Introduction
Throughout the last decades, disaster risks have increased in
several countries, while the climate change leads to increase
the frequency and intensity of natural hazards (Ahmed
2013). Heavy rainfalls, heat waves, and intense storms
surges became more frequent and are likely to increase in the
future (Revi et al. 2014). Also, rapid urbanization pushes us
out of our comfort zone, which, in turn, means that the expo-
sure to diferent hazards and human vulnerabilities to natural
hazards witness a remarkable growth (UNESCO 2010).
Therefore, disaster risk studies, particularly in the area of
disaster risk assessment, came to the forefront. Such studies
present an understanding of the risk in terms of aggrava-
tion factors, and the expected consequences to support the
disaster risk management activities (GFDRR 2016). Also,
risk analysis based on probabilistic quantitative methods has
been widely used and has been useful for dealing with pre-
dictable disaster situations (Linkov et al. 2014).
* Bahaa Elboshy
bahaa.elboshy@ejust.edu.eg
Shinjiro Kanae
kanae@cv.titech.ac.jp
Mona Gamaleldin
mona.gamal@ejust.edu.eg
Hany Ayad
hany.m.ayad@gmail.com
Toshihiro Osaragi
osaragi.t.aa@m.titech.ac.jp
Waleed Elbarki
welbarki76@gmail.com
1
Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan
University of Science and Technology (E-JUST),
Alexandria, Egypt
2
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
3
Faculty of Engineering, Architectural Department,
Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
4
Department of Architecture and Building Engineering,
School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
5
Civil Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria
University, Alexandria, Egypt