168 https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/index
Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021 Apr 01; 9(T4):168-171.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5865
eISSN: 1857-9655
Category: T4 - Thematic Issue “Contribution of Nurses on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”
Section: Public Health Disease Control
Sarcopenia and Bone Mass Loss as Risks during Aging on Female
Elderly with Light Activity
Yoni Astuti
1
*, Zulkhah Noor
2
, Rahmah Rahmah
3
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia;
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia;
3
Department of Pediatrics Nursing of Nursing Schools, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universitas Muhammadiyah, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aging is a normal physiological process. The aspect of aging can be delayed by a measurable activity
that is carried out early and regularly also intake health nutrition. Measurement of body composition is needed to analyze
physiological changes due to aging so it can be used to compile a program of activities also diet to delay the aging process.
AIM: The aim of this study is to address the potential risks during aging process in people with light physical activity
in Gamping, Patukan.
METHODS: Method of this research is the cross-sectional method. Subjects were 190 females with light physical
activity that divided into Group 1 (70 females) with an average age 43.71 ± 5.37 years old and Group 2 (120 females)
with an average age 61.72 ± 6.82 years old. Body composition was measured by the whole body composition
diagnostic scale BG21.
RESULTS: The result showed that t-test between Group 1 and Group 2 was signifcant diferences p < 0.05,
CI = 0.95 in weight body, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, bone mass, and active metabolism rate (AMR). The
percentage decreasing number for body composition was 13.5%, 12.5%, 8.9%, 4.2%, 25.9%, and 12.8% on weight,
BMI, muscle mass, bone mass, and AMR, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Female with light activity has a risk as sarcopenia and bone loss during aging. The future programme
of this community need to encourage of increasing the physic activity and improving life style to slow the bone loss
and muscle loss.
Edited by: Sasho Stoleski
Citation: Astuti Y, Noor Z, Rahmah R. Sarcopenia and
Bone Mass Loss as Risks during Aging on Female
Elderly with Light Activity. Open Access Maced J Med
Sci. 2021 Apr 01; 9(T4):168-171. https://doi.org/10.3889/
oamjms.2021.5865
Keywords: Aging; Sarcopenia; Bone loss; Mild activity
*Correspondence: Yoni Astuti. Department of
Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universitas Muhammadiyah, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
E-mail: yonia@umy.ac.id
Received: 27-Feb-2021
Revised: 19-Mar-2021
Accepted: 23-Mar-2021
Copyright: © 2021 Yoni Astuti, Zulkhah Noor,
Rahmah Rahmah
Funding: This research was supported by FKIK and
LP3M UMY.
Competing Interest: The authors have declared that no
competing interest exists
Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Introduction
Aging is a normal physiological process.
The aspect of aging can be delayed by a measurable
activity that is carried out early and regularly also
intake health nutrition [1], [2], [3]. The reduction in
physiological conditions will have an impact on the
physical ftness of the elderly [3], [4]. Elderly aged>
60 years who can maintain good physical ftness will
inhibit the degenerative process. However, the facts
found in the community are that there are still many
elderly people who experience physical decline due to
not maintaining physical ftness [4], [5]. It is predicted
the number of elderly people in 2020 (27.08 million), in
2025 (33.69 million), in 2030 (40.95 million), and in 2035
(48.19 million) and will continue to increase [6]. Indonesia
has three provinces with the largest percentage of
elderly people, namely, Yogyakarta (13.81%), Central
Java (12.59%), and East Java (12.25%) [5]. Most of old
female in Yogyakarta is living with their family so that
they have daily activities such as sweeping the foor
or yard, playing with their grandchildren, and chatting
with their neighbor [6]. Light-intensity activities include
domestic or occupational tasks such as washing dishes,
hanging washing, ironing, cooking, eating, working at a
computer desk, or performing other ofce duties [7], [8].
Light-intensity activity is an activity that has a metabolic
equivalent of 1.6 <3.0 METs or a relative intensity
of 40 <55% HRmax. Activity is shown to be a major
determinant of total daily energy expenditure. Other
studies have revealed an association between energy
expended in non-exercise activities such as intensity of
activities in the home, garden and work tasks, and risk
of obesity, and with other risk factors such as glucose
control [8]. Body composition changes from day to day
due to health status. Many studies have shown that
good physical activity can increase the degree of health
which afects body composition [9]. Physical activity
is one of the factors that can prevent the spread of
non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular
disease, stroke, diabetes, and several types of cancer
and physical activities which have also been shown to
correlate with improved mental health, slow the onset
of dementia, and improve quality of life also welfare.
Research on the health benefts of physical activities
is widely reported and is well documented positive with
higher rates and higher frequency of physical activities
associated with reduced risk and improved health in
a number of key areas [10]. It is important to assess