5 © 2019 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group World Scientific Research Vol. 6, No. 1, 5-13, 2019 ISSN(E) 2411-6661/ ISSN(P) 2518-0177 DOI: 10.20448/journal.510.2019.61.5.13 © 2019 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Behavioral, Neurochemical and Histological Changes in the Use of Low Doses of Naltrexone and Donepezil in the Treatment in Experimental Model of Alzheimer’s Disease by Induction of β-Amyloid1-42 in Rats Felipe Carmo de Moura 1  Marluy Kildary Fernandes Xavier 2 Francisca Eliane Lima Rodrigues 3 Marcos Fabio dos Santos Pinheiro 4 Erika Clemente Lima Machado 5 Caricia Bianca Carmo de Moura 6 Wilson Max Almeida Monteiro de Moraes 7 Jonato Prestes 8 Edna Maria Camelo Chaves 9 ( Corresponding Author) 1,9 Superior Institute of Biomedical Science, Ceara State University, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. 2,5 Ceara Estacio Center University, Brazil. 7,8 Post-Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. 3 State University Vale do Acarau, Brazil. 4,6 Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil. Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that promotes the involvement of memory-related functions, characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques formed by the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein neurofibrillary tangles. Evidence suggests that the use of low doses of Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, possibly promotes a modulation of the immune system and consequent neuroprotective effect. The present study uses the animal model of induction with β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ 1-42) to verify the behavioral, neurochemical and histological effects of the use of low doses of Naltrexone. Male wistar rats (250-300g) divided into five groups (N = 8) were used: Control, Sham, Aβ 1-42 subdivided into three groups: treated with water, 05 mg Donepezil and 4.5 mg Naltrexone, orally during the 30-day period. Behavioral tests demonstrated the efficacy of induction to the experimental model with reduced memory of Aβ 1-42 -treated animals as well as reversal of damage in animals treated with Naltrexone. In the structural analysis, observed that the animals induced by Aβ 1-42 treated with water alone presented alterations in the pyramidal forms of the hippocampal cells and that the animals treated with Naltrexone presented possibly a reversal of the neuronal damages. In conclusion, treatment with Naltrexone promoted a reversal in the memory impairment of rodents induced to the Alzheimer's model with Aβ 1-42 in the behavioral and histological response. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, β-amyloid 1-42 , Naltrexone, Neurochemical, Behaviour, Histological changes. Citation | Felipe Carmo de Moura; Marluy Kildary Fernandes Xavier; Francisca Eliane Lima Rodrigues; Marcos Fabio dos Santos Pinheiro; Erika Clemente Lima Machado; Caricia Bianca Carmo de Moura; Wilson Max Almeida Monteiro de Moraes; Jonato Prestes; Edna Maria Camelo Chaves (2019). Behavioral, Neurochemical and Histological Changes in the Use of Low Doses of Naltrexone and Donepezil in the Treatment in Experimental Model of Alzheimer’s Disease by Induction of β-Amyloid1-42 in Rats. World Scientific Research, 6(1): 5-13. History: Received: 6 December 2018 Revised: 10 January 2019 Accepted: 19 February 2019 Published: 12 April 2019 Licensed: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License Publisher: Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Contribution/Acknowledgement: Scientific and Technological Development National Brazilian Council (CNPq), Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES), Cearense Foundation for Support of Scientific and Technological Development (FUNCAP), Post-graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences (PPGCM), Center for Studies in Microscopy and Image Processing (NEMPI), and Post-graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGCF), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Gene Expression (LABIEX) of Biomedical Sciences Higher Institute (ISCB) and RENORBIO. Funding: This study received no specific financial support. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. Transparency: The authors confirm that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study was reported; that no vital features of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained. Ethical: This study follows all ethical practices during writing.