Research Article
Selecting the Optimal LoA to Prevent the Expansion of
COVID-19 in the Chemical Industry considering Sustainability
Factors: A Fuzzy Mathematical Optimization Approach
Mahtab Hajghasem ,
1
Amir-Reza Abtahi ,
2
Kaveh Khalili-Damghani ,
1
and Reza Yousefi-Zenouz
2
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Operations Management and Information Technology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence should be addressed to Amir-Reza Abtahi; abtahi@khu.ac.ir
Received 4 June 2022; Revised 21 July 2022; Accepted 28 July 2022; Published 10 September 2022
Academic Editor: Reza Lotfi
Copyright © 2022 Mahtab Hajghasem et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Automation has attracted interest from the industry sector for its potential to improve energy efficiency, cost efficiency, and
environmental performance. By elevating the LoA to the highest degree, associated costs will grow accordingly and its
implementation will be far more complicated. is will also result in losing workers and decreasing environmental pollutants. On
the other hand, increasing power consumption at high levels of automation leads to the production of greenhouse gases. is
paper aims to increase the level of automation (LoA) considering the concept of sustainability. is study presents fuzzy multi-
objective programming to determine the optimal LoA considering sustainability factors to achieve competitive advantages. To
solve the model, the Zimmermann max-min approach was adopted and a cosmetics factory in Iran was chosen to optimize LoA
according to this model. e results showed that it is possible to improve the LoA and also consider sustainability factors with the
available resources without using the highest LoA. is study can help managers optimize the LoA in their organizations
considering the current resources and sustainability issues, and control the company’s return on investment and cost of overhead.
ey can run the model with every definition of LoA proposed till now. is research can benefit the environment and the
workers’ health in the production line by reducing environmental pollutants and prevent the dismissal of all personnel due to its
negative social effects. It also reduces the risk of COVID-19 by minimizing the number of workers. So far, a mathematical model
for selecting optimal LoA in the chemical industry considering sustainability has not been presented.
1. Introduction
e high competition among producers and a variety of
products has caused organizations to optimize LoA which
entails benefits like an increase in quality as well as the
production speed, more accurate and faster quality control
(QC), a reduction in production waste, better interaction with
business systems, an increase in the productivity of industrial
units, an increase in the safety factor for manpower and the
reduction of mental and physical stress among workers [1].
e implementation of high LoA is a very important
issue due to the decrease in dangerous gases emitted from
chemical interactions and the transportation hazards of
chemicals that threaten the workers in the chemical industry
[2]. However, implementing automation at high levels en-
tails heavy expenditure which most organizations cannot
afford. Moreover, performing the jobs manually prolongs
the production process that in turn increases the chance of
infiltration of microbes into the product and can damage the
environment and the consumers; therefore, chemical in-
dustries can reduce these hazards and the production time
by increasing the LoA [3]. Although, at high levels of au-
tomation, the number of workers reduces which causes
social concerns in the chemical industry. Due to the
Hindawi
Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
Volume 2022, Article ID 5836663, 19 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5836663