Review Article Volume 4 • Issue 4 246 Afliation: 1 Sports Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar 2 Science and Medical Department, Bolton Wanderers Football Club, Bolton, UK 3 Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK 4 Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India 5 Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (F.I.G.C.), Rome, Italy 6 Sport Science Department, Inspire Institute of Sport, mmy, Doha, Qatar *Corresponding Author: Evdokia Varamenti, Sports Science Department,Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar Samuel Pullinger, Sport Science Department, Inspire Institute of Sport, Vidyanagar, Bellary, India Citation: Varamenti E, Beattie C, Tod D, Bommasamudram T, Savoia C, Pullinger SA. Acute and Long-Term Variations in Variables Related to Redox, Infammation and Hormonal Status in Male Football Players: A Systematic Review and Recommendations. Journal of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine 4 (2022): 246-262. Received: August 14, 2022 Accepted: September 26, 2022 Published: October 10, 2022 Keywords: Oxidative stress; Cytokines; Testosterone, Cortisol; Football; Review Abbreviations: RONS - Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species; MDA – Malondialdehyde; TBARS - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; LOOH - Lipid Hyperoxides; PC - Protein Carbonyls; SH-group - Sulfhydryl- Group; GPx - Glutathione Peroxidase; CAT - Catalase; SOD - Superoxide Dismutase; GSH - Reduced Glutathione; GSSG - Oxidized Glutathione; UA Acute and Long-Term Variations in Variables Related to Redox, Infammation and Hormonal Status in Male Football Players: A Systematic Review and Recommendations Evdokia Varamenti 1 *, Catherine Beattie 2 , David Tod 3 , Tulasiram Bommasamudram 4 , Cristian Savoia 5 , Samuel A Pullinger 6 * Abstract Introduction: The present study aimed to review the acute and long-term variations in variables related to redox, infammation and hormonal status in male footballers. Materials and methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted. The entire content of PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were systematically searched until May 2022. Studies with outcomes including: (1) adult male football players, (2) a redox and/or an infammatory and/or a hormonal marker after a training period, and (3) variables measured in blood/saliva. Results: Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative synthesis. Fourteen studies on redox status, 16 on infammation/muscle damage and 20 on hormonal variations. Only 4 studies incorporated markers related to all 3 statuses, while 8 studies looked at a combination of 2. Studies around redox homeostasis found several markers to fuctuate with MDA, TBARS, protein carbonyls, GSSG, GPx, CAT, and uric acid increasing immediately after a game. Hormonal markers, such as testosterone in blood, revealed no signifcant change after training. Some found T to increase post-exercise, and some a decrease. Cortisol increased in both short- and long monitoring periods. Markers associated with infammation and muscle damage found creatine kinase elevated immediately post-game and over extended periods. LDH, C-RP, and IL-6 were also higher post-match. Discussion: Exposure to short or long-term participation in football training and competitions could signifcantly afect footballers' redox, infammation and hormonal status. However, greater consistency across studies is required to ascertain the implications of structured training regimens on measured variables. Selecting the most relevant protocol/ conditions and biochemical markers, including the collection time and the type of specimen, must be considered.