© Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute
- 887 -
1. Introduction
Hardmetals (WC-Co) are the most widely used wear
resistant composites because of their excellent combination
of wear resistance and strength. TiC-base cermets
(tungsten-free hardmetals) have proved successful in some
applications because of their fair specific strength and
favourable physical properties.
This paper focuses on the mechanical and tribological
behaviour of some advanced TiC-base cermets in terms of
their performance as tool materials for cyclic loading
(blanking) applications. Another important aim was to
identify any correlation that might exist between blanking
performance on the one hand and fatigue endurance and
adhesive wear resistence on the other hand.
2. Experimental and Results
Table 1 shows the advanced TiC-base cermets, the
performance of which was tested in complicated wear
conditions (in relation to ordinary WC-hardmetal H15).
Durability tests followed the procedure used in the
functional tests − in the blanking of electrotechnical sheet
steel in a 3-position (reinforced with alloys – in Table 1) die.
Durability was evaluated by the side wear ∆ of the dies after
the intermediate service time of 0.5x10
6
strokes [1]. Fatigue
tests resembled those for the bending fatigue under repeated
transverse bending load [2]. The wear performance of alloys
was studied in the cutting adhesive wear conditions [1]. The
wear resistance L
1
was determined as the length of the
cutting path (by turning mild steel at low peed). Tests were
complemented by XRD studies. A decrease in the intensity
∆I of the X-ray reflection lines from carbides (as a measure
of local plastic strain) was determined.
Table 1. Structural characteristics, hardness HV and
transverse rupture strength R
TZ
of composites
Grade Carbide
[wt%]
Binder
composition,
structure
HV
[GPa]
R
TZ
[GPa]
H15
T70/14
T60/8
85 WC
70 TiC
60 TiC
Co(W)
Fe+14Ni steel,
austenite
Fe+8Ni steel,
martensite-bainite
1.15
1.25
1.20
2.9
2.2
2.3
Results of functional tests – wear contours of cutting
edges (and side wear ∆) of carbide tools refer to an
superiority of the grade T70/14 over an ordinary WC-base
hardmetal (grade H15) (Fig.1) and TiC-cermet grade T60/8.
The results of adhesive wear trials confirm the superiority
of grade T70/14 over H15 and T60/8.
The results of fatigue tests revealed a lower fatique
sensitivity (slope of Wöhler curve, Fig.2) in relation to H15
in the behaviour of grade T70/14. There exists a good
correlation between cemented carbide blanking performance,
its fatigue sensitivity (factor ∆S = Sm
7
– Sm
3
) and adhesive
wear resistance L
1
.
2006 POWDER METALLURGY
World Congress
C07-07-2
Performance of Cemented Carbides in Cyclic Loading Wear Conditions
J. Kübarsepp
a
, H. Klaasen
b
and F. Sergejev
c
Department of Materials Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology,
Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, ESTONIA
jakob.kubarsepp@ttu.ee
fjodor.sergejev@ttu.ee
Abstract
The present study describes the wear and mechanical behaviour of carbide composites in cyclic loading applications
(blanking of sheet metal). Adhesive wear as well as fatigue endurance were tested, complemented by XRD studies. It was
found that the blanking performance of a carbide composite is controlled by its resistance to adhesion wear and fatigue
sensitivity. XRD studies revealed that fatigue damage is preceded by plastic strain in both phases of the composites
Keywords: cermet, cemented carbide, fatigue, blanking performance