KOWSAR Journal home page: www.NUmonthly.com Urogenital and Other Associated Anomalies in Patients With Anorectal Malformations Mohammad Kazem Sabzehei 1 , Seyed Habibollah Mousavi-Bahar 2 , Hassan Bazmamoun 1 * 1 Besat Hospital, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran 2 Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran * Corresponding author: Hassan Bazmamoun, Department of pediatrics, Hospital, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran. Tel: +98- 9121331917, Fax: +98-212667766, E-mail: dbazmamoun@yahoo.com DOI: 10.5812/kowsar.22517006.1678 Copyright c 2012, Kowsar M.P.Co. All rights reserved. Nephro-Urol Mon. 2012;4(1):388-390. DOI: 10.5812/kowsar.22517006.1678 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received: 19 Jun 2011 Revised: 04 Jul 2011 Accepted: 16 Jul 2011 Keywords: Anorectal Atresia Urogenital Abnormalities Infant, Newborn Article type: Short Communication Anorectal malformations (ARM) comprise a wide spectrum of diseases and associated anomalies. ARM are the major factors that contribute to high morbidity and mortality in neonates. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the incidence of urogeni- tal and other associated anomalies in neonates in whom the diagnosis of ARM was con- firmed between 2005 and 2010. We found cases of 58 patients with ARM; of these pa- tients, 65.5% were boys and 17.2% were born prematurely. The mean birth weight was 2.8 kg (SD 0.5). The following anomalies associated with ARM were observed in 63.8% of the patients: urogenital (43.1%), cardiovascular (41.4%), sacrospinal (13.8%), limb (10.3%), and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF; 6.9%) anomaly. Urogenital anomalies were more com- mon than other anomalies among patients with high ARM (25 patients). ARM-associated urologic anomalies were found in 16 of 25 (64%) patients, and hydronephrosis was the most common (62%) urologic anomaly. Genital anomalies were detected in 9 of the 25 (36%) patients, and undescended testes (37.5%) and hypospadias (37.5%) were the most common genital anomalies. Detailed evaluation of associated anomalies, “VACTERL workup,” in the neonatal period is essential for newborns with ARM. Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Anorectal malformations (ARM) comprise a wide spectrum of diseases and associated anomalies are the major factors that con- tribut high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to review the incidence of urogenital and other associated anomalies in neonates with ARM. Please cite this paper as: Sabzehei MK, Mousavi-Bahar SH, Bazmamoun H. Urogenital and Other Associated Anomalies Patients With Anorectal Malforma- tions. Nephro-Urol Mon.2012;4(1):388-90. DOI: 10.5812/kowsar.22517006.1678 Copyright c 2012, Kowsar M.P.Co. All rights reserved. Anorectal malformations (ARM) (1) are a complex group of malformations diagnosed because of the absence of an anus or presence of an ectopic anus at birth (2). The inci- dence of ARM is approximately 1:5000 live births and the cause of these malformations is unknown (2). Approxi- mately 50–60% of neonates with ARM have associated anomalies. The VATER/VACTERL association is a spectrum of ARM-associated defects: vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb anomalies. The inci- dence of associated anomalies is higher in patients with high ARM than in those with low ARM (1-5). The true inci- dence of urogenital anomalies in patients with high ARM is 50–60% and that in low ARM is 15–20% (6). Most genital anomalies are visible on clinical examina- tion, but urologic anomalies require further investiga- tions for their detection. Multiple studies have shown that diagnosis of concomitant anomalies, especially urogenital anomalies, in patients with ARM can improve prognosis of the patients. Hence, the objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency of uro- genital and other ARM-associated anomalies in a single population of patients with ARM admitted to our medi-