Research Article
Channel Measurement for Multiple Frequency Bands in Subway
Tunnel Scenario
Zhuomin Hu ,
1
Wenli Ji,
2
Hengkai Zhao ,
1
Xuping Zhai,
1
Asad Saleem ,
3
and Guoxin Zheng
1
1
Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks,
Joiny International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University,
Shanghai 200444, China
2
System Integration Department, Technical Center, Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co.,Ltd, Shanghai 201103, China
3
Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Base Station Antennas and Propagation,
Key Laboratory of Antennas and Propagation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
Correspondence should be addressed to Hengkai Zhao; zhaohk@shu.edu.cn
Received 9 March 2021; Accepted 18 May 2021; Published 3 June 2021
Academic Editor: Renato Cicchetti
Copyright©2021ZhuominHuetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In next-generation radio communication systems, the use of higher frequency bands and the massive multiple-input-multiple-
output (MIMO) systems has turned into hot research topics because they have the potential to increase network capacity
significantlybyexploitingtheavailablenarrowbandandbroadbandspectrums.erefore,thenarrowbandchannelmeasurements
are executed at the following five potential frequency bands, including 2.6GHz, 3.5GHz, 5.6GHz, 10GHz, and 28GHz in the
Shanghaisubwaytunnelenvironmentinordertofulfillthelateststandardsoffifthgeneration(5G).Moreover,inthebroadband
channelmeasurements,thecenterfrequencyis3.5GHzand5.6GHzandthebandwidthisconsideredas160MHz,respectively.
Atthetransmitter(Tx)side,auniformrectangularantennaarraycomposedof32elementsisfixedontheplatformnearthetunnel
walls.ereceiver(Rx)isequippedwithauniformcylindricalantennaarrayconsistingof64elements,whichissetonatrolley
along the track. Based on the acquired massive MIMO channel impulse responses, delay spread, angle spread, eigenvalue and
channelcapacityareanalyzed.eresultsrevealthatthemultipathdelayinthetunnelscenarioisquiteshort,thedelayspreadand
angle spread drop rapidly as the distance between Tx and Rx increases and the channel matrix gradually becomes serious. is
research provides a reference for the deployment of future 5G systems in the subway tunnel.
1. Introduction
Inrecentyears,inordertoensurethesafetyandefficiencyof
train operations, it is necessary to transmit data such as
ultra-high-definition video stream monitoring, train oper-
ation control, and on-board sensing at a high rate and high
reliability between train and ground, which has created an
urgent need for the application and deployment of 5G in
subway communications. e characteristics of the wireless
propagationchanneldeterminethefinalperformanceofthe
wireless communication system. erefore, it is very im-
portant to detect the actual performance of wireless prop-
agationchannelsinarealtunnelenvironment.Sofar,alarge
number of channel measurements [1–14] have been carried
out in different subway tunnel environments. e pio-
neering paper [1] shows that multiple reflections on the
tunnel wall and changes in tunnel cross-section result in a
relatively high diversity of MIMO channels in the tunnel
environment.Accordingtothemodaltheory[2],thetunnel
can be regarded as a lossy waveguide, and the number of
active modes decreases rapidly as the Tx-Rx distance in-
creases, which limits the degree of freedom of the MIMO
channel matrix. However, compared with single-input-
single-output (SISO) channel, the improvement in channel
capacityissignificant.Onthebasisofchannelmeasurements
in a subway tunnel, the influence of polarization diversity,
Hindawi
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Volume 2021, Article ID 9991758, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9991758