Jurnal Kejuruteraan SI 1(4) 2018: 87-92 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(4)-11 Discoloration of Batik Effuent by Chemically Modifed Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers (Penyahwarnaan Efuen Batik Menggunakan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Terubah suai Kimia) Wan Nur Qurratu ‘Ainie Wan Manan a, , Jude Santanaraj a, , Mohd Shaiful Sajab a,b,* , Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak a,b, Chin Hua Chia c, a Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), b Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment c Bioresources and Biorefnery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ABSTRACT In this study, oil palm biomass of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fbers was used as lignocellulosic-based material models for wastewater remediation. EFB fbers were improvised by enhancing its surface functionalization for the removal of the color in the actual effuent from the textile industry. Briefy, EFB fbers were modifed using polyethyleneimine (PEI) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to produce cationic and anionic adsorbents, respectively. The modifed fbers (PEI- EFB and EDTA-EFB) were used to study the effciency in removing anionic and cationic ions from the effuents at different pHs, temperatures and initial dye concentrations. The optimum pH and temperature were investigated to be at pH 3 and 20ºC whereas the adsorption occurred effciently. The comparison between the modifed adsorbent shows higher adsorption capacity by cationic functionalization. The charge of the PEI-EFB was positive over the entire pH range, which suggests the successful modifcation of the EFB fbers by PEI. In the kinetics study, the adsorption capacity of PEI-EFB fbers in the removal of color can be up to 572.3 mg/g, which improved by ~fve times of the adsorption capacity of the raw EFB fbers. Whereas, based on the experimental work and adsorption models ftting, PEI-EFB ftted on the Pseudo First-Order in comparison with the Pseudo Second-Order. Additionally, the isotherm model was ftted with the Freundlich model, contrary with the Langmuir model, its mechanism suggesting a monolayer and heterogeneous adsorption behavior of the adsorption processes. Keywords: Adsorption; EFB; chemical treatment; dyes; textile effuent ABSTRAK Dalam kajian ini, biojisim gentian tandan kosong kelapa sawit (EFB) digunakan sebagai model bagi bahan berlignoselulosa untuk pemulihan air sisa. Gentian EFB telah ditambah baik dengan meningkatkan pemfungsian permukaannya untuk penyingkiran warna dalam efuen sebenar kilang tekstil. Secara ringkas, gentian EFB telah terubah suai dengan menggunakan polietilinaimina (PEI) dan asid etilinadiaminatetraasetik (EDTA) untuk menghasilkan penjerap kationik dan anionik, masing- masing. Gentian terubah suai (PEI-EFB dan EDTA-EFB) telah digunakan untuk mengkaji kecekapan dalam menyingkirkan ion anionik dan kationik daripada efuen pada pH, suhu dan kepekatan pewarna awal yang berbeza. pH dan suhu yang optimum didapati pada pH 3 dan 20ºC di mana penjerapan berlaku dengan lebih berkesan. Perbandingan antara penjerap terubahsuai menunjukkan keupayaan penjerapan tertinggi dengan pemfungsian kationik. Cas bagi PEI-EFB adalah positif dalam julat pH keseluruhan seterusnya mencadangkan pengubahsuaian gentian EFB oleh PEI adalah berjaya. Dalam kajian kinetik, keupayaan gentian PEI-EFB bagi penyingkiran warna mampu mencapai sehingga 572.3 mg/g, iaity penambah baik sehingga ~lima kali ganda keupayaan penjerapan bagi gentian EFB mentah. Manakala, berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan padanan model penjerapan, PEI-EFB menepati ke atas Pseudo Tertib-Pertama dengan pembandingan bersama Pseudo Tertib-Kedua. Tambahan lagi, model isoterma telah menepati model Freundlich, berbanding model Langmuir, di mana ianya menunjukkan lapisan mono dan tingkah laku proses penjerapan secara heterogen. Kata kunci: Penjerapan; EFB; rawatan kimia; pewarna; efuen tekstil INTRODUCTION Dyes are widely used in industries such as in textile, rubber, paper, plastics, cosmetics and other industries. Altogether, the textile is second largest demands after food (Ranganathan et al. 2007). It is recognized that the public perception of the water quality is always infuenced by the color. Color is the frst contaminant recognized in wastewater (Banat et al. 1996). Since the biodegradation of dyes is quite ineffective, wastewater from textile industry has gained a strict attention from the authority (Ganesh et al. 1994; Weber & Adams 1995). There are many ways to treat wastewater effuent have been proposed and used in decolorize dyes from wastewater, JK 30 SI1(4) Bab 11.indd 87 12/4/2018 10:01:50 AM