614
Introduction
Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is a new
syndrome, first described by Sato et al.
1,2
in
1990, which is characterized by transient
left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with chest
pain and specific electrocardiographic
changes
3
.
In these patients, a typical left ventricu-
logram shows transient extensive akinesis
of the apical and mid portions of the left
ventricle with hypercontraction of the basal
segment
4
, from which this disease takes its
name.
In Japanese language “tako-tsubo” is a
fishing pot with a round bottom and a neck
that is used for trapping octopuses.
Since 1990 sporadic cases of tako-tsubo
cardiomyopathy were reported by Japanese
authors, and only a few European reports
are available
3-15
. We present the cases of 2
Caucasian patients affected by this syn-
drome.
Description of cases
Case 1. A 67-year-old female patient was
admitted for epigastric pain. She did not
show any cardiovascular risk factors. The
patient’s clinical history revealed an
episode of superficial phlebitis at the right
inferior limb, 1 month before admission;
moreover, a few days prior to admission
she had a car accident described as a very
emotionally stressful event. At admission
she was in good clinical conditions. The
clinical examination was negative.
ECG showed ST-segment elevation in
DI and aVL and T-wave inversion in all
leads (Fig. 1). Blood tests revealed normal
myocardial enzyme levels and an increase
in inflammatory indices (erythrocyte sedi-
mentation rate, C-reactive protein, and be-
ta
2
-globulins). We did not detect any virus
causing myocarditis. An increased level of
vanilmandelic acid was detected. During
in-hospital stay, ECG showed a progressive
deepening of negative T wave in leads that
explore the lateral segments of the left ven-
tricle. Echocardiography, at that time,
showed a global LV akinesis with basal re-
gional hyperkinesis and an ejection frac-
tion of about 40%. The patient underwent a
cardiac catheterization that showed normal
coronary arteries and an enlarged left ven-
tricle with global akinesis and basal hyper-
kinesis (ejection fraction 40%), according
to echocardiographic data. Figure 2 shows
the characteristic angiographic image
known in the literature as “tako-tsubo”. At
discharge a treatment with enalapril and di-
uretics was prescribed.
One month later the patient was readmit-
ted for clinical and instrumental evaluation.
The patient was in good clinical conditions.
Blood tests confirmed the absence of viral
myocarditis. The level of vanilmandelic acid
was within normal limits. An echocardio-
gram showed complete global and segmen-
tary kinesis normalization and an improved
cardiac function (ejection fraction 70%).
Key words:
Left ventricular
dysfunction;
Stunned myocardium.
© 2005 CEPI Srl
Received September 23,
2004; revision received
March 2, 2005; accepted
March 4, 2005.
Address:
Dr. Giovanni Fazio
Via S. Maria del Gesù, 25
90124 Palermo
E-mail:
Giovanni.fazio-aaaa@
poste.it
Two cases of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy
in Caucasians
Pasquale Assennato, Rosa Alfano, Giuseppina Novo, Giovanni Fazio, Rosanna Zito,
Dalila Fernandez, Gabriella Carlino, Loredana Sutera, Marco Fazio, Enrico Hoffmann,
Salvatore Novo
Department of Cardiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is a recently described disease characterized by chest pain, transient
left ventricular dysfunction and specific electrocardiographic changes. The disease takes its name
from the typical left apical ballooning observed at left ventriculogram. Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy
was first described by Sato in 1990. Since then sporadic cases were reported by Japanese authors, and
only a few European publications are available. We describe 2 cases of patients affected by this syn-
drome.
(Ital Heart J 2005; 6 (7): 614-617)