ScienceDirect
IFAC-PapersOnLine 48-3 (2015) 058–063
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
2405-8963 © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.058
© 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Sustainable Enterprise, Smart Enterprise, Sensing Enterprise, IPPMD, Integration of
Knowledge/Competence in Enterprise Modelling Framework, Enterprise System Engineering, Factory
and Industrial Automation.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, entrepreneurship can be seen as the main vehicle
for economic development. There are studies that illustrates
that most of existing tools and models related to
entrepreneurship are being used in developing economies; so
the results falls short in the understanding how they can be
used in emerging countries. Recent researches for example
Ho, Wong (2007) and Naudé (2010), present that there are
more entrepreneurial opportunities in developing economies.
However there is a necessity to create new models, structures
and tools that promote the economic development inside
under-developed nations.
This situation is exactly what is happening in countries like
Mexico. In the industrial sector, the most important area is
Manufacturing; in 2012 and 2013 it contributes to 58% of the
industrial Gross Domestic Product (GDP), meaning 18.56%
of the national GDP. A difference related with the quantity of
enterprises and value production can be seen in the external
trade value of the manufacturer enterprises, where the macro
enterprises represent only the 17% in quantity but 82% in
value. As stated by Instituto Nacional de Estadística y
Geografía (INEGI), the manufacturing sector covers an
opportunity for development; there are many SMEs (Small
and Medium Enterprises) but their contribution to the GDP is
marginal.
This unbalanced situation has to do with the deficiency of
capabilities of manufacturing SMEs to adapt to fast changes
in the markets. Therefore there is a need to create new
models and tools to design and create more competitive,
technology based SMEs. Our reference framework has been
created to satisfy the following requirements: 1) the necessity
to innovate in markets that are evolving and face the
continuous changes in the market place, 2) the challenge to
change the configuration of a manufacturing systems based
on the demand, and 3) the need to have a model suitable for
companies in emerging countries.
The reference framework is also considering future trends.
Molina (2014) stated that to be successful in this competitive
environment, manufacturing enterprises of 2020 will require
significantly improved technological and organizational
capabilities. The acquisition of these capabilities represents
Abstract: This paper proposes a reference framework for the development of manufacturing Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries, taking into account the characteristics of the future
enterprise. The reference framework has been named Sustainable x Smart x Sensing - Reference
Framework (S
3
-RF). This reference framework includes characteristics to address economic, social and
environmental issues of the future sustainable enterprise. In order to be sustainable and competitive
worldwide, an enterprise must make smart decisions regarding its strategies, processes and use of
resources, therefore must be a Smart Organization. Context sensing and sense making is a requirement to
understand externally, customers, social networks, markets and competition, but also internally the
performance of its processes, resources, business rules and practices, and use of technology, therefore
sensing is core to its strategy execution. For the incorporation of these characteristics the framework is
based on three main models: Smart x Sensing Enterprise Reference Model (S
2
-RM), Methodology for
Integrated Product Process and Manufacturing System Development (IPPMD) and Automation System
Pyramid. The S
3
-RF allows the definition of the enterprise´s structure based on five viewpoints:
enterprise, information, computational, engineering and technology. S
3
-RF uses S
2
-RM for the creation of
an enterprise inside the concept of an Integrated Product, Process and Manufacturing System
Development. Finally the Automation System Pyramid describes how to implement the architecture
generated with reference model. The specific description in each level of the pyramid has to guarantee
the correct implementation of the concepts generated with S
2
-RM and IPPMD. A Testbed demonstrates
the use of the S
3
-RF in the implementation of a pilot reconfigurable microfactory (RµF).
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
(e-mail: hector.mauricio@itesm.mx, jhonattan.miranda@itesm.mx,
dante.chavarria@itesm.mx, miguel.ramirez@itesm.mx, armolina@itesm.mx)
Design S
3
-RF (Sustainable x Smart x Sensing - Reference Framework) for the
Future Manufacturing Enterprise
Mauricio-Moreno H., Miranda J., Chavarría D.,
Ramírez-Cadena M., Molina A.