~ 696 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 696-699
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2016; 4(6): 696-699
© 2016 JEZS
Received: 02-09-2016
Accepted: 03-10-2016
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed
Department of Entomology,
University College of
Agriculture, University of
Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Naveed Haider
Department of Entomology,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Asghar Ali
Department of Agronomy,
University College of
Agriculture, University of
Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Waqas Raza
Department of Plant Pathology,
University College of
Agriculture, University of
Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Hamid Rasheed
Department of Entomology,
University College of
Agriculture, University of
Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Sharif
Institute of Horticultural
Sciences, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab,
Pakistan
Muhammad Ather Rafi
National Insect Museum,
National Agricultural Research
Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
Correspondence
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed
Department of Entomology,
University College of
Agriculture, University of
Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
In vitro evaluation of different synthetic
insecticides against oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera
dorsalis Hendel
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed, Naveed Haider, Muhammad Asghar Ali,
Waqas Raza, Muhammad Hamid Rasheed, Muhammad Sharif and
Muhammad Ather Rafi
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a devastating insect pest that causes large losses
and acts as an export barrier for many fruits and vegetables globally. This study evaluated the toxicity of
Imidacloprid 25% Wp (Advance Agro
®
), Trichlorfon 80% SP (Avari
®
) and Emamectin benzoate 1.9%
EC (Welcon
®
) applied as bait against adults of B. dorsalis under laboratory conditions (26.0 ± 2.0 °C and
70.0 ± 5.0% R.H.). Experiment was conducted under Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with
factorial arrangements through which mass reared adults of B. dorsalis were treated with three
concentrations (2, 4 and 8 ppm) of each insecticide along with a control treatment having no insecticide.
Mortality percentage of these flies was recorded after 24 and 48 h post treatment. Results revealed that
Trichlorfon showed highest mortality (100%) followed by Emamectin benzoate (70%) and Imidacloprid
(69.44%) respectively.
Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, percent mortality, trichlorfon
1. Introduction
Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel belongs to largest genus Bactrocera of family
Tephritidae. Among all families of Diptera, Tephritidae has about 4000 described species
worldwide
[1]
. It infests vigorously about 100 host plants including many types of commercial
fruits and vegetables, such as citrus, mango, guava, melon, cherry, pear, peach and tomato,
cucumber and bitter gourd
[2]
. It was first reported from Taiwan in 1912 and now it is
established in the Asia Pacific region
[3]
.
Adults of B. dorsalis are strong flyer and can travel 30 miles in search of food and sites to lay
eggs. Their females lay eggs into host fruits in groups of 3 to 30; the female can lay more than
1,000 eggs in her whole life. Maggots come out from these eggs and feeding on the pulp of
host fruits and pass over three instars and pupate under the soil. Adults live 90 days on the
average and feed on honeydew, decaying fruit, plant nectar and bird dung
[4, 5]
.
Infestation of B. dorsalis on fruits not only deteriorates its appearance but also make consumer
unable to eat these infested fruits. These fruit flies are not only the production restrainer of
many potential fruits and vegetables, but certainly act as export barrier for a potential
multimillion dollar worldwide trade. Philippines and Malaysia faced a strict quarantine
regulations while exporting fruits and vegetables to worldwide market due to the fruit flies
[6,
7]
. In USA, about 80% of guava fruits in markets were infested by B. dorsalis
[8]
.
The damage caused by fruit flies varied according to insect pest species and the host plant
species on which these attacked. B. dorsalis Hendel, B. correcta Bezzii and B. zonata
Saunders caused 80, 60-70 and 3-100% loss in guava fruit respectively
[9, 10]
.
Fruit fly management is mostly rely upon the use of insecticides either synthetic or botanical
such as dipterex, imidacloprid, triazophos, diazinon, deltamethrine, cypermethrin and neem
products
[11-13]
and these insecticides are used as mixed in protein baits because female fruit
flies do not develop eggs unless protein is not given to them as feed so this is why protein baits
mixed with insecticide are an effective control method
[14, 15]
. Keeping in view the overall
importance of this pest the current study was conducted to evaluate some synthetic insecticides
against oriental fruit fly to find the most effective one.