Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery Volume 1(2), pages 28-35, June 2016 https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2016.009 ISSN 2536-7064. Copyright © 2016 Article Number: 47FB9C251 http://integrityresjournals.org/journal/JBBD Full Length Research Bioactivities of Solanum xanthocarpum isolated from Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India V. Manon Mani, S. Dhayalini, M. Shanmuga Priya and K. Preethi* Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641046, Tn, India. *Corresponding author. Email: gunpre77@gmail.com Copyright © 2016 Mani et al. This article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 10th March, 2016; Accepted 25th May, 2016 ABSTRACT: The current research is mainly focused on the bio-products from natural sources. The natural products provide various applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral agents. Even the potential anticancer drugs have been extracted from natural products. Keeping this in mind, the current research has been implemented to extract the antioxidants from a medicinal tree. The medicinal plants are found to have bioactivities and in this research Solanum xanthocarpum was taken. The different phytochemicals have been present in the plant extract and the extract explored the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids. The root, stem and leaf samples were subjected to chromatographic techniques and the compounds were separated from those extracts. The root, stem and leaf extract from the plant was taken for antimicrobial and antioxidant assessment. The antimicrobial profile was found to be highest in all the three extracts. Similarly, the plant extracts exhibited the antioxidant properties in a highest range at least concentration. The inhibition concentration was evaluated for the plant extracts. Further, the potential compound will be elucidated for the probable structure and biopotentiality. Keywords: Antimicrobial, antioxidant, TLC, phytochemicals. INTRODUCTION An antioxidant is a molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals, which start chain reactions that damage cells. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radicals intermediates, and often inhibit reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic acid or polyphenols. The term antioxidant originally was used specifically to refer to a chemical that prevented the consumption of oxygen. The possible mechanisms of action of antioxidants were first explored when it was recognized that a substance with anti-oxidative activity is likely to be one that is readily oxidized. Antioxidants are absolutely critical for maintaining optimal cellular and systemic health and well-being (Kaliora et al., 2006). To protect the cells and organ systems of the body against reactive oxygen species, humans have evolved a highly sophisticated and complex antioxidant protection system. It involves a variety of components, both endogenous and exogenous in origin, that function interactively and synergistically to neutralize free radicals. Screening of antioxidants in plants is done by measuring the antioxidant activity through various in vitro models like DPPH method, nitric oxide method, DMPD method, ABTS method, ORAC method, TBARS assay and so on. Solanum xanthocarpum, also known as the Thai eggplant, is a medicinal herb common in Bangladesh, Nepal and India. The Thai eggplant (S. xanthocarpum) is a variety of eggplant used in Southeast Asian cuisines. It is also cultivated in Sri Lanka and used in Sri Lankan cuisine. The most common eggplants in Thai cooking are the round white or green ones about the size of a golf ball. Common cultivar types in Thailand are Thai Purple, Thai Green, Thai Yellow, and Thai White. According to Smith and Wujastyk (2008), it is used for treating bronchitis, asthma, fever, lumbago, piles (specially bleeding piles), thirst, urinary and heart disease. The fruits are glabrous, globular berries, green and white strips when young but yellow when mature. The fruits are known for several medicinal uses like anthelmintic, antipyretic, laxative, anti-inflammatory,