A literature survey on water quality of Indian water bodies C. Nivetha ⇑ , S.P. Sangeetha Department of Civil Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation, Paiyanoor, Chennai 603104, India article info Article history: Received 4 April 2020 Received in revised form 17 April 2020 Accepted 20 April 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: Water quality Pollution Indian water bodies Physico-chemical Heavy metals abstract Water is the basic need for survival of all living beings. It also supports the economic growth of the coun- try in terms of agricultural and industrial developments. Only 1% of water is fit to use out of the 71% that is available on Earth. Remaining 70% of water is being polluted with organic and inorganic matters, chem- icals and other contaminants by various natural and human activities. This study is a review of various examinations done on some important Indian water bodies on its quality. This paper deals with the water quality analysis and determining the inception that spoils the quality of water. The analysis of water quality in terms of its physico-chemical properties proves that most of the water bodies are being pol- luted by industrial activities and appropriate water management schemes or treatment should be done to protect the water quality. It has also been recorded that the agricultural soil is affected due to the pres- ence of excess heavy metals. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer- ence on Future Generation Functional Materials and Research 2020. 1. Introduction In recent years, all the natural water bodies of India are losing its life due to contamination by the influence of human activities. An important sources of water is river. It has been proved that the number of polluted rivers is increasing every year because of poor management of industrial and residential wastes, which is disposed of into the river in excess amounts [1]. The pollution due to industries is the major cause of wasting away of our envi- ronment. It affects the power of water, air and soil that humans use. Due to the increasing pollutant load in the water body, the groundwater quality gets affected which in turn spoils the quality of soil as well. The availability of clean and potable water in rivers decreased due to increased pollution level which affects the ecol- ogy of the river basin. The main reason for the water pollution is the mismanagement of industrial wastes, violation of Central Pol- lution Control Board’s rules and regulations and ignorance of the public in water resources usage [20]. The river quality is to be assessed for every short interval for the impending river linkage projects carried out in India [2]. Some of the industries dispose their treated or untreated effluent into the nearby water body [3]. The supply of such river water to domestic use many have repercussions for the health and safety of people. As stated by the WHO, nearly 80% of health problems in humans is because of the poor water quality [4]. Apart from the humans getting affected, the land productivity also gets affected because of the contami- nated water [7,15]. When polluted irrigation water is supplied to the cultivation land, the crop production falls down. Hence the quality of agricultural soil is also to be analyzed frequently. 2. Studies on water quality Srevastava et al. [6] made an attempt to assess the water quality of river Ganga from source to plain of Allahabad, India. Five sam- pling points were chosen along the stretch of the river within the city limit in such a way that the overall quality of the river is assessed properly and water samples were collected from these points during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon for a year and ana- lyzed for temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxy- gen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chloride and Sulphate. It was revealed from the study that the water was con- tamination more at some sampling points because of the disposal of large amount of sewage and effluents from tanneries and plating industries. It was recommended that the sewage and effluent should be thoroughly treated and diluted before disposal into the river body. Heinrich Glorian [12] et al. analyzed the quality of water (five samples in 3 years) along the river bank filtration sites in Uttar Pra- desh, Uttarakhand and New Delhi at Yamuna and Ganges river and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.552 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Future Generation Functional Materials and Research 2020. ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: nivethachandru92@gmail.com (C. Nivetha). Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr Please cite this article as: C. Nivetha and S. P. Sangeetha, A literature survey on water quality of Indian water bodies, Materials Today: Proceedings, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.552