Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC CLINICAL AND MEDICAL CASE REPORTS EC CLINICAL AND MEDICAL CASE REPORTS Commentary When We Must Think to MODY Type of Diabetes? Daniel Zamanfar 1 *, Mohamad Bagher Hashemi Soteh 2 , Mobin Ghazaiean and Somayeh Rostami Maskopaii 4 1 Associated Professor, Pediatric Endocrinologist, Diabetes Research Center of Mazandaran, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2 Immunogenic Research Center, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3 School of Medicine, Mazandaran university of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 4 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Citation: Daniel Zamanfar., et al. “When We Must Think to MODY Type of Diabetes?”. EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports 5.9 (2022): 92- 98. *Corresponding Author: Daniel Zamanfar, Assistant Professor, Pediatric Endocrinologist, Diabetes Research Center of Mazandaran, Ma- zandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Received: August 23, 2022; Published: September 01, 2022 Diabetes is a group of metabolic illnesses characterized by poor insulin manufacturing, glucose sensing, channelopathy, and endoplas- mic reticulum dysfunction, all of which limit beta cell expression and function [1-4]. Diabetes, which encompasses both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is genetically polygenic in general [2]. MODY, NDM (TNDM, PNDM), and syndromic diabetes are examples of monogenic diabetes [1,3,4]. Insulin-dependent diabetes, often known as type 1 diabetes, is an early form of autoimmune disease. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes, on the other hand, can be polygenic or monogenic, with type 2 diabetes being an example of non-insulin-dependent polygenic diabetes [2,5]. NDM, MODY, and other unusual diabetes-related disorders are examples of non-insulin-dependent monogenic diabetes [1,3-5]. MODY is a non-classic NIDDM, which means that insulin secretion and function are unaffected [6]. In fact, single gene changes in beta cells decrease the progression of the disease [6,7]. MODY is characterized by a set of criteria based on the clinical presentation and symptoms of the patient. Early signs and symptoms In reality, at least two members of the family under the age of 25 could be participating. Depending on the number of persons in the family, diagnostic testing, and anticipation, this cut-off can be adjusted. The anticipation effect has resulted in the disease’s age decreasing as more and more generations of the family become engaged. The disease has been diagnosed at an early age thanks to the development of diagnostic tests [8,9]. Involvement in a family member as well as a moderate form of diabetes, on the other hand, will be detected at a later age, such as in MODY 3, when ages are taken into account 10 - 60 [10]. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a kind of diabetes defined by a certain quantity of C-peptide or the absence of the requirement for insulin treatment within 5 years after diagnosis. In situations of IDDM, where a person’s hyperglycemic condition may be maintained by food and hypoglycemic medicines for a honey- moon period, this kind of diabetes is suspected [8]. MODY is a kind of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) that can develop both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In reality, it is suspected of having type 2 diabetes due to two characteristics: NIDDM and a positive family history. On the other hand, in some type 1 diabetes instances, beta cells are gradually destroyed, making it harder for a person to require beginning insulin therapy [11-15]. MODY inheritance is a dominant or pseudo-dominant autosomal type of inheritance. A single gene is involved in dominant inheritance. Polygenic diseases are implicated in the pseudo-dominant. Both horizontal and vertical transmission can be noticed during pregnancy. The early signs of NIDDM in family members are more likely to be caused by a single gene. A good family history is indicated by autosomal dominant inheritance. According to reports, the majority of young persons with diabetes who have no