National Conference in Mechanical Engineering Research and Postgraduate Studies (2
nd
NCMER 2010)
3-4 December 2010, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UMP Pekan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; pp. 755-761
ISBN: 978-967-0120-04-1; Editors: M.M. Rahman, M.Y. Taib, A.R. Ismail, A.R. Yusoff, and M.A.M. Romlay
©Universiti Malaysia Pahang
755
THERMAL COMFORT IN TECHNICAL SCHOOL: PHYSICAL
MEASUREMENT APPROACH
N.K. Makhtar
1
, A.R. Ismail
2
, N. Jusoh
3
and A.P. Puvanasvaran
4
1
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: nkamilahm@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang
22600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
3
Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
4
Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
Ayer Keroh, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia
ABSRACT
A field study on the relationship between thermal comfort and students’ performance
was carried out in a technical school in Selangor. The buildings were mechanically
ventilated by fans. The measured environmental parameters were air temperature (ºC),
mean radiant temperature (ºC), relative humidity (%) and air velocity (m/s) of the
surrounding classroom area. The environmental factors were measured using Thermal
Comfort Equipment, which is capable to measure simultaneously all the environmental
factors. All the windows were left open for natural ventilation. Subjective measurements
were also conducted using survey questionnaire on the same days when the
environmental factors were measured. The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) was calculated
using ASHRAE Thermal sensation scale which has been proposed earlier by Fanger
(1970) for the measured data. Further Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) was used
to estimate the thermal comfort satisfaction of the occupant. The study revealed that
70% of the students’ population at the classroom is dissatisfied with the thermal
comfort.
Keywords: Thermal comfort, school, PMV, PPD
INTRODUCTION
The importance of maintaining adequate indoor air quality in schools is recognised as
being a contributing factor to the learning performance of pupils (Fisk, 2000; Shandell
et al., 2004; Colay and Greeves, 2004). Recently, a study based on both a subjective
questionnaire survey and objective test scores concluded that learning performance
improved with a decrease in the percentage of pupils dissatisfied with the indoor air
environment (Kameda et al., 2007). Another study, based on five independent
experiments carried out in mechanically ventilated classrooms, concluded that
improving classroom conditions should be an urgent educational priority (Wargocki,
2006). The study showed that doubling the ventilation rate to 10 l/s per person would