JScholar Publishers Nanoplasmonics and its Applied Devices Mahfuzur Rahman M 1* , Shahbazian-Yassar R 2 1 Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 2 Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931  Research Open Access Received Date: July 11, 2014 Accepted Date: November 08, 2014 Published Date: November 26, 2014 Citation: Mahfuzur Rahman M, et al. (2014) Nanoplasmonics and its Applied Devices. J Nanotech Smart Mater 1: 1-15 *Corresponding author: Mahfuzur Rahman M, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. Email: mrahman2@mtu.edu Abstract Nanoplasmonics makes a connection to conventional optics to the nanoworld. Interesting performance like subwave- length focusing to invisibility cloaking, nanoplasmonics have profound applications in science and engineering world from biophotonics to nanocircuitry. Metal and dielectric have free d-shell electrons. When metal and dielectric of diferent refrac- tive index come in contact, these free electrons get accumulated in a region at the metal-semiconductor interface forming nanoplasmons. Practical implementation of nano device fabrication is the most challenging task due to the dissipative losses in metal. Te optimum operating condition can be achieved by the efcient use of optical gain. We review here the ongoing progress in the feld of nanoplasmonic research. Journal of Nanotechnology and Smart Materials J Nanotech Smart Mater 2014 | Vol 1:402 Keywords: Localized surface plasmon; Surface plasmon polaritons; Nanoparticles; Nanoplasmons; Resonance spec- troscopy; Light concentrators; photovotaic device; photodectors; Metamaterial; Mach–Zender interferometric modulators; Directional-coupler switches; Hydrogel optical waveguide spectroscopy Introduction Tis paper is primarily based on the concepts of na- noplasmonics and their important application. Nanoplasmon- ics is a new research feld for scientist for the last couple of decades. Scientists are exploring nano-structured materials for noble properties at nano scale. Te interaction of light with free electrons in metal-dielectric interface causes electrons to vibrate. In optics, metals were for years believed as dull of opti- cal properties. Once, afer the discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering [1] metals was believed to have appreciable optical properties. Nanoplasmonics device can ofer consider- able exciting optical properties in near future. When two materials of diferent refractive indexes come in contact, due to their diference in refractive indexes, completely free electrons in materials come across to the sur- face boundary of the metal - semiconductor interface. When an incident electromagnetic feld exerts force on these free electrons between metal-semiconductor interfaces, these free electrons start oscillating. Depending on their nature of oscil- lation, surface plasmon can be of two types-Localized Sur- face Plasmons (LSP) and Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP). Typically in LSP, electrons vibrate back and forth near their position, they don’t propagate. While the rest in SPP, elec- trons gather a considerable amount of energy and hence they propagate through the medium. Tese free electrons are in resonance at specifc frequencies of operation; this particular frequency is defned as the resonance frequency for that de- vice. Depending on materials used resonance behavior can be of diferent type though the structure, size and shape are same. Plasmon based dielectric lenses and resonators can confned extremely high intense feld in sub-wavelength. Optimum light confnement in nanoparticle can be achieved through plasmon based devices like modulators, switches, de- tectors, lenses, resonators. Dissipative losses from the interaction of light with free electrons needs to be traded of with the localization with the incident light. Tis dissipative loss is more signifcant at optical frequencies like of the order of 1,000 cm –1 . Researchers devel- oped various ways to mitigate these dissipative losses. Costas M. Soukoulis et.al explained that larger the materials lesser the loss. At optical frequencies, constituent metal is responsible for major losses. Part of the losses can be eliminated by avoid- ing nearby resonances and sharp edges of the current fow [3, 4].