© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���7 | doi �0.��63/�5685365-� �34�574 Novum Testamentum 59 (2017) 366-383 brill.com/nt Polycarp, Paul, and the Letters to Timothy Jonathon Lookadoo University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand jonathon.lookadoo@otago.ac.nz Abstract Building on recent discussions of the Paulusbild in the second century, this study ar- gues that Polycarp’s image of Paul is framed by his use of 1-2 Timothy. The essay first examines Polycarp’s allusions to 1 Tim 6:7, 10, similarities to the household code in 1 Tim 2:8-3:13, and the reversal of a phrase in 2 Tim 4:10. Two conclusions are then drawn. First, Polycarp’s use of language from 1-2 Timothy fits loosely within the stan- dards of ancient quotation. Second, Polycarp’s depiction of Paul as a suffering, pastoral figure is closely tied to his use of language from 1-2 Timothy. Keywords Polycarp – Paul – 1 Timothy – 2 Timothy – image – reception 1 Introduction The way in which Pauline reception is discussed has undergone increasingly complex changes since Andreas Lindemann’s Paulus im ältesten Christentum.1 Lindemann urged scholars of Pauline reception to consider more than the re- ception of phrases from Pauline letters by suggesting that the study of Pauline reception must take into account the image of Paul and the reception of his theology. Along with studies by Ernst Dassmann, Donald Penny, and David Rensberger, Lindemann’s Habilitationsschrift marks an important shift in how 1  A. Lindemann, Paulus im ältesten Christentum: Das Bild des Apostels und die Rezeption der paulinischen Theologie in der frühchristlichen Literatur bis Marcion (BHT 58; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1979).