Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-020-01152-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Jabuticaba peel extract modulates adipocyte and osteoblast diferentiation of MSCs from healthy and osteoporotic rats Alann Thafarell Portilho Souza 1  · Gileade Pereira Freitas 1  · Helena Bacha Lopes 1  · Gabriela Guaraldo Campos Totoli 1  · Adriana Gadioli Tarone 2  · Mario Roberto Marostica‑Junior 2  · Adalberto Luiz Rosa 1  · Marcio Mateus Beloti 1 Received: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © The Japanese Society Bone and Mineral Research and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Introduction The jabuticaba peel extract (JPE) contains bioactive compounds that regulate fat metabolism. Because the nega- tive correlation between fat accumulation and bone formation in bone marrow, we hypothesized that JPE inhibits adipocyte as well as favors osteoblast diferentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) under healthy and osteoporotic conditions, a disease that display an imbalance between adipocyte and osteoblast diferentiation resulting in reduced bone mass. Material and methods To test these hypotheses, bone marrow MSCs were harvested from healthy and osteoporotic rats and cultured in adipogenic and osteogenic media with three concentrations of JPE, 0.25, 5 and 10 µg/ml, and vehicle (control). After selecting the most efcient concentrations of JPE, we used them to evaluate adipocyte and osteoblast diferentiation of MSCs from both sources. Results We observed that, in general, JPE inhibited adipocyte diferentiation of MSCs with more pronounced efects in cells from healthy than osteoporotic rats. In addition, JPE increased osteoblast diferentiation, exhibiting a slightly higher osteogenic potential on MSCs from osteoporotic compared to healthy condition. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that JPE drives MSCs to inhibit adipocyte diferentiation and toward osteoblast difer- entiation under healthy and osteoporotic conditions. These fndings pave the way for further translational studies to investigate the therapeutic possibilities of JPE in both prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Keywords Adipocyte · Jabuticaba · Mesenchymal stromal cell · Osteoblast · Osteoporosis Introduction Products of natural origin have been increasingly used as a viable alternative to treat several diseases, including those that cause damage to bone tissue [1–3]. The raw materials of these products are easily found in nature, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs and nuts, the peels, roots, leaves and stems of which are used due to their benefcial properties [4, 5]. The main advantages that make natural products a safe and afordable alternative compared to synthetic drugs currently available are natural growth, high availability, reduced pro- duction costs, minimal side efects and low toxicity [6–8]. Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg.) is a Bra- zilian fruit measuring 3–4 cm in diameter similar to blue- berry and its purple peel concentrates most of its bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, favonoids and anthocya- nins [9, 10]. These compounds are directly related to health benefts and several studies have shown that jabuticaba consumption may prevent weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, as well as control cholesterol levels [11–14]. In addition to these metabolic efects, the jabuticaba peel extract (JPE) may also prevent liver steatosis in high-fat-fed aging mice [15]. To maintain the properties of the bioac- tive compounds and have precise control of the ingested doses, the JPE was developed as a processed product of easy Alann Thafarell Portilho Souza and Gileade Pereira Freitas contributed equally to this work. * Marcio Mateus Beloti mmbeloti@usp.br 1 Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil 2 School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil