Journal of Tuberculosis Research, 2020, 8, 165-176 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jtr ISSN Online: 2329-8448 ISSN Print: 2329-843X DOI: 10.4236/jtr.2020.83015 Sep. 2, 2020 165 Journal of Tuberculosis Research Evaluation of In-Vitro Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera Crude and Fractions on Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Kasim Salihu Izebe 1,2* , Kolo Ibrahim 1 , Josiah Ademola Onaolapo 2 , Peters Oladosu 1 , Yakubu Ya’aba 1 , Moses Njoku 1 , Mohammed Busu Shehu 1 , Mercy Ezeunala 1 , Yakubu Kokori Ibrahim 2 1 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Abuja, Nigeria 2 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu University Zaria, Nigeria Abstract The management, control and elimination of tuberculosis (TB) have been difficult with the advent of HIV and cases of multidrug resistant (MDR-TB) tuberculosis. The cases of multidrug resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid pose greater challenges on first line and second line drugs to eliminate TB. The study is aimed at establishing anti-tuberculosis activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and MDR-TB and the phytochemical present. The leaves of Tetrapleura tetraptera were collected, weighed, dried and pulverized to powder. The pulverized leaves of Tetrapleura tetraptera were subjected to 70% methanol extraction and screened for phytochemical. The crude extract was further purified into fractions using silica gel and thin layer chromatography techniques. M. tuberculosis and MDR-TB were obtained from positive acid fast bacilli sputa of TB patients and confirmed using GeneXpert to differentiate genotypic drug susceptible M. tuberculosis and MDR-TB. The sputa were digested using sodium hydroxide-cysteine technique and cultured in Middlebrook 7H9. The crude extract and fractions were screened for an- ti-tuberculosis activity using tetrazolium microtitre plate assay. The results showed that Tetrapleura tetraptera crude had activities against M. tuberculosis at 7.4 ± 0 mg/ml and 27.5 ± 0 mg/ml for MDR-TB. One of the fractions inhi- bited the growth of M. tuberculosis at 0.24 ± 0 mg/ml and MDR-TB at 0.89 ± 0 mg/ml. The phytochemical screened includes tannins, alkaloids, saponins, fla- How to cite this paper: Izebe, K.S., Ibrahim, K., Onaolapo, J.A., Oladosu, P., Ya’aba, Y., Njoku, M., Shehu, M.B., Ezeunala, M. and Ibrahim, Y.K. (2020) Evaluation of In-Vitro Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera Crude and Fractions on Multi- drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculo- sis. Journal of Tuberculosis Research, 8, 165-176. https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2020.83015 Received: June 25, 2020 Accepted: August 30, 2020 Published: September 2, 2020 Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access