DOI 10.1515/reveh-2014-0034 Rev Environ Health 2014; 29(1-2): 139–142 Indah R.S. Salami*, Zulfikar A. As, Mariana Marselina and Dwina Roosmini Respiratory health risk assessment of children living close to industrial areas in Indonesia Abstract: Industrial areas are considered to have higher risk of air pollution impact especially to children living close to the industry. Two separate industrial areas in Indonesia were compared. The first location was in the area of coal transportation activity in South Kalimantan, and the second location was in the area of Bogor, West Java where used battery processing industry was often found. Fifty children (boys and girls, aged 6–15 years) were involved in South Kalimantan whereas in West Java there were 48 children (boys and girls, aged 10–12 years) involved. The control groups were also studied in both areas. Predicted average daily intake (ADD) of respirable particulate was estimated and respiratory function was measured using spirometer. The study showed that the PM2.5 concentration in industrial area was 3 times higher than those found in the control location. As a result, the predicted ADD of particulate of children living close to industry in South Kalimantan was 25.45±10.55 µg/kg.day whereas in West Java, the ADD was 1.5 times higher. For both studied area, boys’ respirable particulate intake was shown to have higher intake than those in girls. Lung func- tion of children revealed that more than 68% of children in the coal transportation area had decreased pulmonary function. The study also noted that some children in West Java had indicated an obstructive and restrictive respira- tory condition. The risk of girls having mild lung disease was found to be 1.3 times greater than those in the control group whereas in boys, the risk was 1.9 times than those in control area. Respiratory function of children in West Java study area was considered to worsen by the higher Pb emission from used battery processing activity. Keywords: air pollution; children; coal transportation; Indonesia; respiratory health risk; used battery processing. *Corresponding author: Indah R.S. Salami, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Department of Environmental Engineering, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, E-mail: indahrss@tl.itb.ac.id Zulfikar A. As: Department of Environmental Health, Health Polytechnics Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia Mariana Marselina and Dwina Roosmini: Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Department of Environmental Engineering, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Background Children living around industrial areas are considered to have a higher respiratory health risk from air pollution. This paper discussed the respiratory health risk of chil- dren living around industrial areas in two separate studies in Indonesia. The aim of this paper was to evaluate and compare the impact of industrial areas on children’s res- piratory health risk. The first study was conducted around coal mining activity in Tapin District, South Borneo/Kali- mantan and the second study followed children living around a used battery processing area in Bogor, West Java. In South Kalimantan, the Tapin District was selected because the human settlement area is located on the coal transportation route. The temperature of Tapin was in the range of 27.1–28.7°C with an average humidity of 73%– 85%. In the last 10 years, the dominant wind direction was from the east and south-west with wind velocity of around 0.7–1.2 m/s. As a control, Banjarbaru District is located at 3°25′40″S to 3°28′37″S and 114°41′22″E to 114°54′25″E with average temperature of 26–28.1°C, average humidity of 47%–97% and average wind is 1.65 m/s. Study in West Java was located in the area of Bogor, specifically in Parung Panjang area, where there are many industries including brick production and illegal used battery processing. Parung Panjang is located at 106°6′E and 106°20′S, at 51.71 m above sea level with average rain- fall of 2000–2500 mm/year. Air quality monitoring by PUSARPEDAL (Center of Environmental Impact Control Facility) found that particulate matter in Parung Panjang was higher than the standard of 65 μg/m 3 . In addition, Tangerang District was selected as a control area of Parung Panjang, which is located to the east of Parung Panjang, with temperature around 23.4–34.2°C, average humidity of 80%, and average rainfall in a year of 154.9 mm. Materials and methods The study focused on children aged 6–15 years. Respirable dust and lung function were measured for children living in both the industrial and control areas. In South Kalimantan, the study involved 50 chil- dren, both boys and girls. PM2.5 was measured in March and April Brought to you by | Western University Authenticated Download Date | 6/8/15 8:10 PM