___________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: Email: m.farouk76@yahoo.com; British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 3(4): 1271-1284, 2013 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Improvement of Left Ventricular Mass Following Balloon Angioplasty of Native Coarctation of the Aorta: Midterm follow-up in Cairo University, Children’s Hospital Mohammed Farouk 1*, Ahmed El Ayadi 1 , Sonia El Saeidy 1 , Faten Abdel Aziz 1 , Ahmed Fathi 2 and Amal EL Sisi 1 1 Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt 2 Al Sahel Hospital, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author AELS designed the study. Author MF wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author AF recruited the cases and performed the statistical analysis, and managed the analyses of the study, and authors SEIS, FAA and AElA supervised case recruitment and managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Received 13 th February 2013 Accepted 22 nd March 2013 Published 2 nd April 2013 ABSTRACT Objectives: We evaluated mid-term results of balloon angioplasty (BAP) of native coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in children. There is paucity of data on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricular mass (LVM) post balloon dilatation of native CoA, hence we also assessed LVM regression. Study Design: Thirteen children were included (11 boys, 2 girls) with median age at intervention of 16 months (4-96 months) and all underwent BAP for native CoA. Patients were followed-up by transthoracic echocardiography assessment of left ventricular function, LVM, recoarctation, and other complications. Follow-up period ranged from 9– 36 months (mean±SD, 24.38±8.22 months). Results: The mean peak systolic gradient decreased to ≤20 mmHg in 11 patients (84.6%), mean peak systolic gradient decreased from 61.15±12.44 mmHg before to 18.85±13.72 mmHg and 15.38±6.27 mmHg immediately after angioplasty and at last follow-up, respectively (P=0.00). There was recurrence of mean pressure gradient in two Research Article