Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2006, 34, 359–363
Printed in the United Kingdom doi:10.1017/S1352465806002980
Interpersonal Fears among Patients with
Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
Asle Hoffart
Research Institute, Modum Bad, Norway
Ann Hackmann
University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, UK
Harold Sexton
UNN-Åsgard Hospital, Tromsoe, Norway
Abstract. To study the role of catastrophic interpersonal cognitions in panic disorder with
or without agoraphobia, a questionnaire listing such items – the Interpersonal Panic Fear
Questionnaire (IPFQ) – was constructed and administered to English and Norwegian samples.
The results of the factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure of interpersonal fears: fear
of negative evaluation, fear of being trapped and separated from safe persons and places,
and fear of being neglected. The corresponding three IPFQ scales had satisfactory internal
consistency and sensitivity to change following therapeutic intervention, discriminated well
between diagnostic groups, and correlated moderately with measures of other dimensions of
panic disorder and agoraphobia. The construct validity of the interpersonal fears was further
supported by mostly significant relationships between the IPFQ scales and a measure of
agoraphobic avoidance, when the contribution of intrapersonal (physical, loss of control) fears
was controlled.
Keywords: Panic disorder with agoraphobia, interpersonal fears, measurement.
Introduction
Fears of incapacitating events happening to the person’s mind or body (hereafter described as
intrapersonal fears) are given the status of important maintaining factors in the cognitive model
of panic disorder (Clark et al., 1994). However, several authors have noted that interpersonal
fears may also play a prominent role in panic disorder, and perhaps more particularly in
Reprint requests to Asle Hoffart, Research Institute, Modum Bad, N-3370 Vikersund, Norway. E-mail: asle.hoffart@
modum-bad.no An extended version and a copy of the instrument (IPFQ) are also available online in the table of
contents for this issue: http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_BCP.
© 2006 British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies