Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
Community Mental Health Journal
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0329-6
BRIEF REPORT
The Importance of Structure and Connection for People Living With
Schizophrenia: A 33-Year Outpatient Group Experience
Danielle B. Rice
1,2
· Alexandra Zorn
2
· Maxine Sigman
1,2,3
Received: 15 December 2017 / Accepted: 17 August 2018
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract
This paper evaluates an outpatient group for persons living with schizophrenia. Qualitative changes and psychiatric admis-
sions among group members were reviewed to measure recovery. Thirty-two members have attended sessions for up to
28 years. Meaningful interactions (e.g., supportive comments) have increased and hospitalizations have decreased. The sup-
port of the therapists and the other group members has allowed for personal recovery and developing and maintaining social
connections. Prior to starting the group, 67% of members had > 1 hospitalization and 26% had none. During the group, 63%
of members had no hospitalizations. Vignettes of change, peer support, fewer hospital admissions, and signs of recovery in
the face of crises suggest that members beneft greatly from this outpatient group.
Keywords Schizophrenia · Psychiatric rehabilitation · Long term group therapy
Introduction
Persons with serious mental health disorders such as schizo-
phrenia often experience a number of difculties including
increased mortality rates, disorganized thinking, distorted
perception (e.g., hallucinations), and emotional difcul-
ties (American Psychiatric Association 2013; Kring and
Caponigro 2010; Kring and Moran 2008). To cope with
the consequences of living with a chronic mental illness,
psychotherapy is one approach that aims to decrease psy-
chotic symptoms and restore functionality to improve quality
of life (Haller et al. 2014). Practical issues, however, have
been identifed when trying to provide therapy to outpatients
with serious mental illnesses due to the chronic relapsing
and remitting nature of these disorders (Berry and Haddock
2008; Haller et al. 2014). This paper evaluates the useful-
ness of a real-world outpatient supportive group facilitated
by a psychologist among persons with chronic mental health
disorders. Background of the group structure, barriers to
the initiation of the group, summary of early outcomes, and
long-term outcomes, and potential mechanisms of change of
an existing outpatient group are presented with both quanti-
tative and qualitative information.
The Thursday Group
Structure and Goals in Group Formation
The Thursday Group began in 1985 for people living with
chronic mental health conditions including those diagnosed
with schizophrenia. The group occurs weekly and the struc-
ture is consistent, each session begins at noon and continues
for 45 min. Entry into the group requires a referral from a
professional in the department of psychiatry at the Jewish
General Hospital, located in Montreal, Quebec. All group
members receive psychiatric follow-up, while social work-
ers and occupational therapists are also available as part of
standard care. Once referred, each potential member is asked
to call the group leader, a psychologist, as an indication of
their motivation. Membership in the group is open-ended,
whereby, members can remain in the group indefnitely
but are asked to call the group leader if unable to attend
a meeting. Since 1997 the leader has had 1–2 psychology
interns’ training as co-therapists. To date, over 50 interns
* Danielle B. Rice
danielle.rice@mail.mcgill.ca
1
Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill
College Ave, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
2
Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Cote-Sainte
Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
3
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 2001 McGill
College Ave, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada