89 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Hui, C. Wagner (eds.), Creative and Collaborative Learning through
Immersion, Creativity in the Twenty First Century,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72216-6_6
Chapter 6
The Relationships Among Simulation-
Based Learning, Creativity,
and the Learning Approach in Higher
Education
Anna Na Na Hui , Michael S. Eason, Ray C. C. Cheung ,
Linda C. H. Lai , Denvid Lau , and Trevor Lam
6.1 Literature Review
Simulations are defned as “artifcial environments that are carefully created to man-
age individuals’ experiences of reality” (Bell et al. 2008, p. 1417). Simulation-based
learning is related to the learning experiences using electronic or artifcial environ-
ments to apply concepts and practice skills. Simulation-based learning creates a
pedagogical, cultural, social, and physical environment that provides a safe setting
for learners to engage in the experiential learning (Dieckmann 2009). Bell et al.
(2008) summarized four major instructional features of simulation-based learning,
including the following: (a) the richness of the learning experience through multi-
media content, for example, using still images, graphics, stories, or narratives in
videos or audio to create a highly realistic and relevant context; (b) immersion into
an experience by exposing one to signifcant contextual characteristics similar to the
professional feld or knowledge domain; (c) interactivity among different potential
stakeholders, for example, characters and virtual agents that simulate competitors,
coworkers, or clients; and (d) verbal or nonverbal communication to share informa-
tion, provide instructional support, or create collaborative performance environ-
ments, for example, discussion boards and chat rooms.
Past research studies showed that simulation-based learning was fun (Rosen
2008) and effective if the facilitators adopted appreciate planning and educational
principles (McGaghie et al. 2010; Cook et al. 2011). A recent research from
Keskitalo et al. (2014) suggested a meaningful pedagogical model for simulation-
based learning in medical education. Using the ideas of facilitating, training, and
learning processes (Kansanen et al. 2000) and meaningful learning (Hakkarainen
A. N. N. Hui (*) · M. S. Eason · R. C. C. Cheung · L. C. H. Lai · D. Lau · T. Lam
City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
e-mail: annahui@cityu.edu.hk; michaeleason@lifespancounselling.com; racheung@cityu.
edu.hk; smllai@cityu.edu.hk; denvid.lau@cityu.edu.hk; honslam3@cityu.edu.hk